428 WILLIAM NICOLL. 
shown these specimens to be identical with the species 
described by Braun, or, at most, to differ very slightly from 
it. Braun’s description deals only with the more obvious 
anatomical features, and I propose here to describe the 
structure in fuller detail. Looss has already! given a fairly 
exhaustive account of the anatomy of Brachycladium 
palliatum, and it may be of interest to see in how far his 
results are borne out by my observations. 
The specimens obtained from Lochmaddy were well pre- 
served in alcohol and most of them were in a moderate state 
of extension, although few were so greatly extended as the 
specimen shown in Braun’s fig. 3. The most general length 
was 0-6 mm., and the breadth of the specimens was 2—2°5 mm., 
i.e. the length is about two and a half times the breadth. My 
own specimens are more extended. Many of them reached 7 
mm. in length, and the length was three to three and a half 
times the breadth. This agrees with Braun’s observations. 
The other Brachycladium spp. are much more elongated 
than this, the length being in the case of Br. rochebruni 
ten times the breadth, while in Br. palliatum it is five or six 
times. The greatest thickness in my specimens was *75—"85 
mm. ‘The outlne is broadly lanceolate, being somewhat 
pointed at each end. ‘The greatest breadth occurs just 
behind the ventral sucker, the greatest thickness at the level 
of the genital aperture. 
The whole body is covered with a thick cuticle, varying 
from *008—015 mm. in thickness, but not in any uniform 
manner, thicker and thinner parts alternating with each other, 
and there being no difference in this respect between ventral 
and dorsal surfaces. The cuticle is much thinner than that 
of Br. palliatum. Strong spines stud the entire surface of 
the body, being present right to the posterior end, and even 
in a small depression on which the excretory vesicle opens. 
As usual they vary much in size, the largest spines being 
found about the thickest part of the body and the size gradu- 
1 « Beitrige z. Kenntnis der Trematoden. Zeitschr. f. wissen. Zoolog.,’ 
xli (1885), pp. 390-427, figs. 1-14 and 30. 
