490 GEOFFREY SMITH. 
and Carboniferous strata of Hurope and North America, and 
it was not until long afterwards that a living representative 
was found in the fresh waters of Tasmania and recognised as 
the near relative of these very ancient fossils. 
In 1856 Jordan and von Meyer (1) described a fossil 
shrimp from the Permo-Carboniferous of Saarbriick which 
they named Gampsonyx fimbriatus, and which was seen 
to combine certain features of the Podopthalmate Crustacea 
with the entire absence of a carapace. 
In 1865 and 1868 Meek and Worthen (2 and 8) figured 
two similar forms from the Coal-measures of [lnois which 
they named Acanthotelson stimpsoni and Paleocaris 
typus. 
The systematic position of these fossils remained obscure 
until Packard re-examined them, and in a series of papers 
(4, 5 and 6) did a good deal to elucidate their structure and 
affinities. He instituted the use of the term “ Syncarida” to 
include the three genera and to designate a group of the 
higher Crustacea intermediate in its characters between the 
Schizopoda and the Edriopthalmata. Packard’s conception 
of the affinities of this group have been borne out by 
recent investigations, and his name “ Syncarida”’ has been 
adopted by Calman as one of the divisions of the Mala- 
costraca. 
In 1893 Thomson (7) gave an account of a remarkable 
freshwater shrimp from the top of Mount Wellington, Tas- 
mania, which was pointed out to him by Mr. Rodway, ot 
Hobart, and which had been known to, and even occasionally 
eaten by, the settlers for some time. ‘lhomson named the 
animal Anaspides tasmania, described the most important 
points of its external anatomy, and decided that it belonged 
to the sub-order Schizopoda, of which he considered it the 
most primitive member. 
The connection between Anaspides and the fossil Syn- 
carida was first pointed out by Calman (8), who revised 
Thomson’s description in certain particulars, and drew a 
careful comparison between Anaspides and the Carboni- 
