548 GEOFFREY SMITH. 
kindly showed to me ran about with great activity, keeping 
the body perfectly flat and unflexed as in Anaspides, 
(Bs) Distribution. 
We have seen that the living Anaspidacea are all confined 
to the temperate part of the Australian region, called by 
Professor Spenser the Bassian Subregion, where they inhabit 
exclusively fresh water, usually at a high elevation, where at 
any rate the winters are exceedingly cold. The fossil 
Anaspidacea, on the other hand, are, as far as we know, 
confined to the marine deposits of the northern hemisphere, 
being found in the Permian and Carboniferous deposits of 
Europe and North America. I have suggested elsewhere 
(12) that animals with this type of distribution, viz. in the 
north temperate hemisphere and in the Alpine regions of 
temperate Australia, probably have reached their present 
position in the southern hemisphere through South America 
and the submerged Antarctic Continent, and not through the 
tropics of Asia and Australia. Although this is little more 
than a tentative suggestion, if 1s, perhaps, justifiable to 
predict that living members of the Anaspidacea may still be 
found in the temperate fresh waters of South America or 
New Zealand. 
(c) Breeding and Reproduction. 
The breeding of A. tasmaniz appears to go on through 
the early summer months (December to April) as the pools 
on Mt. Wellington were continually being replenished with 
young of a very small size. Since there is no brood-pouch, 
it was of interest to establish what the female does with her 
egos, especially as this is a character of great taxonomic 
importance. By keeping the animals in captivity it 
was observed that the male deposits two very large 
spermatophores in the spermatheca of the female. These 
spermatophores are large curved structures with a thin chi- 
tinous coat (text-fig. 43),and they project outside the sperma- 
