PHYSIOGRAPHY OF EASTERN NEW GUINEA, ETC. iU3 
of an srea of subsidence. Professor David, ‘‘ Federal 
Handbook,’’ page 321, mentions *‘a sheer ehiff of quartz 
schist’’ facing the north-east at an elevation of 8,000 ft. on 
Mt. Suckling in South-east New Guinea. This indication 
of downthrow on the western side of the area strongly 
supports this suggestion, 
(c) New Ireland an Area of Uplift—Somewhere in 
the southern part of New Ireland there is a core of older 
rocks of a continental nature.” The exact locality is 
unknown, as the rock specimens were apparently picked up 
in the stream-beds. But, as far as I am aware and from 
many inquiries made, New Ireland seems to be mainly 
coralline in formation. At the northern end, a few miles 
south of Kawieng, the rock outcrops are recent coral for- 
mation. Those who have crossed the range between Nama- 
tanai and the west coast, in the centre of the island, report 
a similar structure at considerable elevation. The northern 
extremity of the island is low in elevation, and the land 
eradually rises in a southerly direction. At the southern 
end there is a huge piled-up mountain mass upwards of 
7,000 ft., much higher than the rest of the island. Here 
the mountains fall steeply into the sea and have the 
appearance of a fault escarpment. The island groups off 
the east coast probably indicate a faulting and downthrow 
on the eastern side of the island similar to that reported by 
Mawson® in New Hebrides, subsequent elevation being aided 
by voleanic action. To the writer the evidence all points 
to the fact that New Ireland is an uplifted area. The 
extreme elevation of the southern end is probably due to 
the facet that it was, previous to these movements, a land 
area. 
(2) Relation to the Tepography of the South-western 
Pacific.—It may reasonably be asked, how does this theory 
fit in with the prevailing topography of the South-western 
Pacific? 
For detailed discussions of the different parts of this 
area the reader is referred to the following works :— 
Mawson, ‘‘ The Geology of New Hebrides,’’ Proc. Linn. Soe. 
N.S.W., 1905; Woolnough, ‘‘Geology of Fiji,’’ Proce. Linn. 
Soe. N.S.W., 1907; Professor Marshall, ‘‘ Proceedings of 
*Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., 1882, vol. 16, pp. 47-51; Proc. Linn. Soe. 
N.S.W., 1905, p. 400. 
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