28 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. 
medicinalis (t.e., Limnobdella australis) as well as the com- 
mon Cyclops (C. pallidus, Breinl) of the swamps near 
Townsville.* 
Dr. J. B. Clelandt has continued his investigations 
into the life history of the parasite, his results being pub- 
lished in 1914. He gives a detailed account of a large 
number of experiments. The conclusions at which he arrived 
were that various Muscid flies and mosquitoes could ingest 
the embryos of Onchocerca when given access to a recently 
cut nodule; and that in the case of Stomoxys calcitrans 
these embryos so ingested, were able to remain alive and 
active within the fly for about three days, whereas in 
Musca domestica and Musca vetustissima they were not 
found alive in the alimentary canal 24 hours after inges- 
tion. He discovered just below the skin of the belly of 
a calf, a thickened area containing numerous. embryos: 
at a distance from the surface which was often less than the 
length of the proboscis of Siomoxys. He also found in 
five other animals, embryos in subcutaneous tissues at 
a distance from the nearest worm-nodule. 
His finding of a group of parasites, both males and 
females, loosely coiled near the hip joint and also a young 
worm partly imbedded in a lymphatic gland led him to 
suggest that perhaps an early stage in the life history may 
be passed within such a gland, trom which the parasite 
eventually may escape into some other tissue. He also 
discovered Onchocerca nodules in a sheep on Milson Island, 
Hawkesbury River, N.S.W. 
* On p. 16 of his paper, Dr. Breinl mentions having failed to find 
microfilarie during a careful examination of the intestinal contents of 
about sixty Tabanid flies collected from a locality where nodules were 
common. It might be pointed out that the larvae, if present, would more 
probably be in some other part of the body, e.g., muscles or proboscis, as 
they would soon penetrate the intestinal wall as other filarial embryos do. 
+ J. B. Cleland. Further Investigations into the etiology of worm 
nests in Cattle due to Onchocerca gibsoni. Bulletin Commonwealth of 
Australia, Dept. Trade and Customs, 1914—also published under the 
same title in the Third Report Govt. Bureau of Microbiology, N.S.W. 
1912 (1914), pp. 135-153. 
