233 



Middle-Miüceiie, Liessel. 



Otolitlius (Dentex) nobilis, Koken. 



(Perc'idanim) frequeiis, Koken. 

 ,, (Percidaruni) Liesseleiisis, nov. spec. 



„ (Scopelus) ausiriaciis, Koken. 



,, (Scopelus) pulcher, Procliazka. 



„ (Gonostoma?) parviilns, Koken. 



,. (Clnpea) testis, Koken. 



„ (Fierasfer) nuntius, Koken. 



,, (Gadus) elegans, Koken. 



,, (Jlerluccius) emarginalns. Koken. 



,, (Plijcis) elongatus, nov. spec. 



,, (Hymenocephalus) globosus, nov. spec. 



,, (Hjmenocepliaius) medins, nov. spec. 



„ (Hyinenoceplialus) ovalis, nov. spec. 



(Hymenoceplialus) Brinki, nov. spec. 

 ,, (Hymenoceplialus) dubius, nov. spec. 



,, (Macrurus) pusillus, nov. spec. 



(Macrurns) ellipticns, Schubert. 

 ,, (Macrurus) debilis, nov. spec. 



Middle-Miocene, Winterswijk. 

 Otolitlius (Gadus) elegans, Koken. 



The fauna of tlie Upper-üligocene ot Swalinen is cliaraclerised 

 by the absence of littoral forms; the fishes that occur, inhabit the 

 deeper [and more open parts of the sea, as e.g. Dentex, especiallj' 

 in the upper watei- layers, oi' the Scopelidae, especially at greater 

 depth. jThe depth may have been somewhere about 400 m. at a 

 moderate distance from the shore. This tallies with the known data, 

 as the Upper-Oligocene is represented in erosion-rests as far as the 

 line Liege ^Aachen — Cologne. 



F'rom Middle-Miocene data aie known from localities on the 

 Southern Peelhiirst, lying in one line, that is about straight and 

 runs about S.E. — N.W. In the Soiitli-most of Ihese three localities, 

 near Swalmen, the genera Rhoml)us, Solea and Gobius are <'onsi)i- 

 cuous. They are all littoral foi'ins, and not met with in the material 

 of Helden, about 20 km. farther, where, however, Clupea, Serranus, 

 and Dentex occur; these tishes we also find naar Liessel, about 18 km. 

 farther in Noord-Brabant, where, however, Macruridae and Scopelideae 

 predominate in the material. Judging Fiom the remains of fishes 

 Swalmen is not far from the ancient coastline; in the vicinity of 



