Occasional Papers of tJic Miiscitin of Zoology 3 



Originally there were three t\pes of vegetation — pine, hard- 

 wood and cedar bog. Following the destructive advent of 

 man the pine nowhere exhibits any of its former glory, a few 

 fair and several poor hardwood areas remain, while the cedar 

 bogs, which can replace themselves easiest, predominate. An 

 additional type of vegetation, the aspen, has been introduced. 

 It occurs on any of the three types of land following fire or 

 lumbering, and furnishes a favorable habitat for the birds char- 

 acteristic of thickets. 



THE UCOLOGICAL DTSTRIDUTIOX OF BIRDS. 



The Aquatic Association: According to the genetic order 

 there are eight groups of birds present in the Douglas Lake 

 region. One of these comprises the water birds, which were 

 much less frequent than was anticipated, probably l}ecause of 

 the spring hunting. Xo one of the lakes in the vicinity seemed 

 to be favored by the different water birds. 



The strictly aquatic species are Pied-billed Grebe, Loon, 

 American r^Ierganser, Red-breasted Merganser, Herring Gull, 

 Bonaparte's Gull, Common Tern and Caspian Tern. The 

 semi-aquatic species are Bald Eagle, Osprey and Belted King- 

 fisher. The non-aquatic species which feed over the water as 

 well as the land are Xighthawk, Chimney Swift, Purple Mar- 

 tin, Cliff Swallow, Barn Swallow and Tree Swallow. 



The Strand Association : The typical sand strand is pres- 

 ent around each lake and along most of the streams of the 

 region with but few exceptions. An abundance of food, espe- 

 cially insects and mollusks, is frequently present. The bird 

 population during the summer is very scanty but is augmented 

 somewhat during the fall migration. The summer birds of 

 the sand strand association are. Pectoral Sandpiper, Semipal 

 mated Sandpiper, Semipalmated Plover, Solitary Sandpiper, 



