BOTANY. 47 



A. Torrid Zone. 



1. Equatorial Zone. 0° — 15°. Mean annual temperature 78|° — 82|° 

 F., characterized by the greatest size and variety of forms, Avith the most bril- 

 liant colors and exquisite odors, primitive forests Avith gigantic trees, and 

 climbing plants. The characteristic forms are Palms, Bananas, Arborescent 

 Grasses, Pandanus, Scitaminese, Orchids, Lianas, and Epiphytes ; also, plants 

 belonging to CedrelaccBe, Sapindacese, Caesalpinese, Malvaceae, Anonaceae, 

 Anacardia^, Artocarpeae, Lecythidaceee, Malpighiace^e, (fcc. 



2. The Tropical Zone. 15°— 23^. Mean temperature 73i°— 78|° F. 

 Summer temperature 80.^° — 86° ; -winter temperature in the eastern coast 

 countries 59°. Palms, Musaceae, Scytamineae, Mcliacea?, Arborescent Ferns, 

 Orchidaceae, Araceae, and Lianas. Plains with Melastomaceae and gen- 

 tians in the New World. Forests of mangrove and figs in the Old 

 World. 



B. Temperate Zone. 



3. Subtropical Zone. 23°— 34°. Mean temperature 62^°— 71^° ; 

 mean summer temperature 73.^° — 82^°: winters mild and vegetation green 

 throughout the year. 



Northern hemisphere. Old World : Pancratia, Dracaena?, Bananas, Palms 

 {Cr7icifera thebaica, Phoenix dactylifera, Chamccrops humHis\ Ficus 

 si/camorus, Cordia, Cissus, Capparis, Melia, Camellia, Euphorbiacea, Pista- 

 cia, Bauhinia. New World : Arborescent grasses, Tillandsia on Pinus, 

 Taxodium, Quercus, Populus, Lmiriis sassafras, Myrica, Diosphyros, Mag- 

 nolia, Liriodendron, Calycanthus, and climbing Bignonias. 



Southern hetnisphere. New Holland : Anthistiria australis and Polygo- 

 niiin junceum. Forests of Eucalyptus, Cycadese, Xanthorrhea, Callitris, 

 Casuarina, Proteaceae, Dilleniaceae, Papilionacefe and Mimosas, Terrestrial 

 < h'chideae, Stylidia and Goodenia. South Africa : Cycadeae. Bestiaceae, 

 Juncaceae, Iridc», Compositfe, Erica, Podocarpus elongatiis, with Ascle- 

 piadeae and Bryonia, Mescmbryanthemum and Epiphytes. La Plata : shrubs 

 with leathery leaves ; woody Compositae, Oestrum, Colletia, Fuchsia, Myrtles, 

 and Papilionace^ embraced by Mutisia, Bignoniaceas, Cuscuta, and Loasa- 

 ceae. Abundant in Loranthacere, Cactaceae, Liliaceaa, and arborescent 

 grasses. 



4. Warmer Temperate Zone. 34° — 45°. Mean temperature 53i° — 

 62p. Summer temperature in North America 77° ; in Europe 75^° — 68° ; 

 in eastern Asia, 82i°. Winter temperature in America 44|° — 32|° ; in 

 Europe 50'— 34|° ; in eastern Asia 26|°. 



Northern hemisphere. Evergreen trees Avith vines, Bignonias, and spinous 

 roses, Quercus, Fagus, Castanea, Platanus, Laurus, Fraxinus, Acer, Juglans, 

 Myrtus, Gleditschia, Vaecinium, Viburnum fimis, Arbutus uredo and 

 andrachne, Smilaceae, Aster, Solidago, Labiatre, Cistineae, Caryophylleae. 

 MeadoAvs are of rarer occurrence. 



Southern hemisphere. Ncav Zealand : Cordt/line australis. Phormium 



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