. BOTANY. 55 



The pliilosopliical system of Endliclicr divides plants into two regions and 

 five scctionSj as follows : 



Natural System according to Endlicher. 



Region I. ThallophytA (frond plant). No opposition of stem and root. "• 

 No spiral vessels, and no sexual organs. Propagated by spores. 



Section 1. Protopliyta. Developed without soil ; deriving nourishment 



all around : fructification indefinite. 

 Section 2. Hystcropliyta. Developed on decaying organisms ; nourished 

 internally from a matrix ; all the organs appearing at once, and perish- 

 ing in a definite manner. 

 Region II. Cormophyta. Opposition of stem and root. Spiral vessels and 

 sexual organs distinct in the more perfect. 



Section 3. Acrohrya. Stem increasing by the apex, the lower part 

 being unchanged, and only conveying fluids. 



Cohort 1. Anopliyta. No spiral vessels. Both sexes present. 



Spores free Avithin spore-cases. 

 Cohort 2. Protophyta, Bundles of vessels more or less perfect. 

 No male organs. Spores free within one or many-celled spore- 

 cases. 

 Cohort 3. Ilysterophyta. Both sexes perfect. Seeds without an 

 embryo, consisting of many spores. Parasitic. 

 Section 4. Amphihrya. Stem increasing at the circumference. Vege- 

 tation peripherica!. 

 Section f). AcrampJdhrya. Stem increasing both by apex and circum- 

 ference. Vegetation peripherico-terminal. 



Cohort 1. Gymnospcruiiß. Ovules naked, receiving the fecundating 



matter directly at the micropyle. 

 Cohort 2. Apctalie. Pcrigonc either Avanting or rudimentary or 



simple, calycinc or colored, free or adherent to the ovary. 

 Cohort 3. Gamopetaloe. Perigone double ; outer calycine, inner 



corolline ; gamopetalous, rarely Avanting by abortion. 

 Cohort 4. Dialypetali«. Perigone double ; outer calycine, parts dis- 

 tinct or united, free or attached to the ovary ; inner coralline, 

 parts distinct or very rarely cohering by means of the base of 

 the stamens ; insertion hypogynous, perigynous, or epigynous ; 

 sometimes abortive. 

 Under these sections are enumerated 279 natural orders, grouped under 

 sixty-one classes. 



The arrangement which we have selected to be the basis of our classi- 

 fication is that of De Candolle, as modified by certain more recent 

 authors. 



