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BOTANY. 



Natural System according to De Candole. 



A. Cryptogamus or Cellular Flowerless Plants. 



Class 1. Acotyledons or Acrogence. 



Sub-Class 1. Amphigamse, Thallogense, or Cellulares : entirely cellular. 

 " 2. ^theogamse, or Cormogenge : having vascular tissue. 



B. Phanerogamous or Vascular Flowering Plants. 



Class 2. Monocotyledons, or Endogenm. 



Sub-Class 1. Glumace?e. Floral envelopes imbricated, leaves parallel- 

 veined. 



2. Petaloideae or Floridese. Floral envelopes, verticillate leaves, 



parallel veined. 

 a. Unisexual, often achlamydeous. 

 h. Hermaphrodite, ovary free, 

 c. Hermaphrodite, ovary adherent. 



3. Dictyogenag. Floral envelopes verticillate, leaves reticulated. 



Class 3. Dicotyledones or ExogencB. 



Having a 



single 

 perianth, 



Having Calyx | 

 and Corolla < 

 Dichlamydese. 



'Sub-Class 1. Monochlamydese. A calyx only, or none. 



a. Gymnospermaj. Seeds naked, 



b. Angiospermse. Seeds in an ovary, 



J Apetala^ and 

 > partly Diclines 

 ^ of Jussieu. 



2. Corolliflorse. Petals united, bearing the stamens, > " Jussjen 



3. Calyciflorae. Petals distinct, stamens perigynous ) Polypetalae of 



4. Thalamiiiorae. " " " hypogynous \ Jussieu. 



Before proceeding to the more particular consideration of the orders of 

 the system, we shall make a brief reference to the more usual symbols and 

 abbreviations as used in botanical descriptions. 



The authorities for genera and species are given by adding the abbre- 

 viated name of the botanist who described them. Thus, Veronica L. is 

 the genus Veronica as defined by Linnaeus ; Veronica arvensis L. is a cer- 

 tain species of Veronica, defined by the same author ; Oxytropis DC. is 

 the genus as defined by De Candolle. It is usual in descriptive works to 

 give a list of the authors, and the symbols for their names. The abbre- 

 viation V. s. sp., means vidi siccam spontaneam, or that the author has seen 

 a dried wild specimen of the plant ; v. s. c. means vidi siccam cultam, or 

 that he has seen a dried cultivated specimen ; v. v. s. means vidi vivam 

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