BOTANY. Y7 



the hard albumen of the fruit of Phytelephas macrocarpa, known as vegetable 

 ivory, is used for the same purposes as true ivory. 



The tribes into which the Family of Palmae is divided are : 1. Arecinem. 

 Examples : Euterpe, Oreodoxa, Areca, Morenia, Iriartia, Caryota, (fee. 2. 

 Lepidocary'mecß, of two subdivisions, one with pinnate leaves embracing 

 Calamus, Sagus, Metroxylon, &-c., the other Avith the leaves fan-shaped, 

 Mauritia and Lepidocarj^um. 3. Borassineoi ; {a, Leaves pinnate) Borassus, 

 Lodoicea, Latania, Douma, &.c. ; [b, leaves flabelliform) Vouay, Iguanura, 

 Geonoma, &c. 4. Cori/phiiiecB ; sub-tribe a. tSabalinecc, Corypha, Brahea, 

 Copernicia, Sabal, Chamaerops, &.c. ; sub-tribe b. PhccnichiecB. Examples : 

 Phoenix. 5. Cocoinea. Examples : Desmoncus, Guilielma, Acrocomil^ 

 Astrocaryum, Attalea, Elteis, Cocos, Maximiliana, Syagrus, «fcc. * 



PI. 56, fig. 2. Phoenix dactylifera or date palm : a, spadix ; i, male 

 flowers ; c, female flowers ; d {e m the plate), a single female flower ; e, an- 

 ther ; /, a male flower ; g^ the three pistils ; A, the fruit ; i, a section of fruit. 



PI. 56, fig. 1. Cocos nucifera or cocoa-nut ; a, pinnula ; &, portion of the 

 spadix in its spatha ; c, portion of the spadix ; d, the nut ; e, the same in 

 longitudinal sections excepting the nucleus ; /, g, A, various parts of the fruit ; 

 i, the germ ; k-s, various parts of the flowers. 



PI. 56, fig. 7. Areca catechu, or areca palm. Fig. 3. The sago palm, 

 Sagus farinifera ; a, a portion of the spadix ; 6, a fruit in its natural position ; 

 c and d, the fruit in transverse and longitudinal sections ; e and /, male 

 flowers ; g-m^ female flowers. 



Order 20. Juncace.e, the Rushes. Perianth six-parted, more or less 

 glumaceous. Stamens six, inserted into the base of the segments, sometimes 

 three, and opposite the outer segments ; anthers two-celled, introrse. Ovary 

 one- to three-celled ; ovules 1, 3, or many in each cell, anatropal ; style 

 one ; stigmas generally three, sometimes one. Fruit a three-valved cap- 

 sule, with loculicidal dehiscence, sometimes indehiscent. Seeds with the 

 testa neither black nor crustaceous ; embryo very minute, near the hilum, 

 within fleshy or cartilaginous albumen. Herbs with fasciculated or fibrous 

 roots, hollow, grooved, or flat leaves, with parallel veins. They are natives 

 chiefly of the colder regions of the globe. Many species of Juncus are 

 used for making the bottoms of chairs, mats, &.C., and the central cellular 

 tissue forms the wicks of candles. There are fourteen known genera, and 

 upwards of two hundred species. Examples : Juncus, Luzula, Narthecium, 

 Astelia. 



Luzula pilosa or wood rush {jpl. 57, fig. 2), an American species ; a, the 

 plant in two pieces ; b, an open flower ; c, the fruit ; c/, the fruit opened show- 

 ing the seeds ; e, a single seed. 



Order 21. Xyridace^, the Yellow-eyed Grass Family. Perianth six- 

 parted, in two verticils ; the outer glumaceous, the inner petaloid. Stamens 

 six, three fertile, inserted into the claAvs of the inner perianth ; antliers ex- 

 trorse. Ovary single, one-celled ; ovules 00, orthotropal, attached to parietal 

 placentas ; style trifid ; stigmas obtuse, multifid or undivided. Fruit a one- 

 celled, three-valved capsule. Seeds numerous ; embryo on the outside of 

 mealy albumen, remote from the hilum. Herbs, having a sedge-like aspect, 



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