80 BOTANY. 



testa pale and soft. Examples : Hemerocallis and Phormium. A species of 

 this latter genus, P. tenax, furnishes the New Zealand flax, eminent for its 

 strength of fibre [pi. 57, fig. 9, a-d). 



Sub-order 8. TulipecB. Fruit a many-seeded, three-celled, loculicidal pod. 

 Seeds anatropous. Perianth six-leaved ; segments scarcely adherent in a 

 tube ; testa pale and soft. Examples : Tulipa, Lilium, Erythronium, Metho- 

 nica, Fritillaria. Many species of this sub-order are remarkable for their 

 beauty, as the Tulip, the Lily, Crown Imperial, &c. Erythronium dens-canis 

 a European species {pi. 57, fig. 7, a to e). Fritillaria imperialis or Crown 

 Imperial {pi. 51, fig. 6, a-g). 



c. Perianth Adherent ; Ovary Inferior ; Flowers usually Hermaphrodite. 



Order 26. Bromeliace.e, the Pineapple Family. Perianth tubular, six- 

 divided, in two verticils ; outer whorl (calyx) persistent, more or less adherent 

 to the ovary ; inner petaloid, marcescent or deciduous, Avith imbricated aestiva- 

 tion. Stamens six, inserted into the base of the segments of the perianth ; 

 anthers introrse. Ovary either free or partially adherent, three-celled ; 

 ovules 00, anatropal ; style single ; stigma three-lobed or entire, often 

 twisted. Fruit capsular or succulent, three-celled. Seeds 00 ; embrj^o minute, 

 curved or straight, lying in the base of mealy albumen ; radicle next the 

 hilum. Stemless or short-stemmed plants, with rigid, channelled leaves, 

 which are often spiny at the margin, and are covered with scurfy matter. 

 Natives chiefly of the warm parts of America. 



The plants of this order are all more or less epiphytic, or able to grow 

 without attachment to the soil. Tillandsia usneoides, or Spanish moss, is 

 found along the southern coast of the United States, growing or suspended 

 from trees, in large quantities. T. utriculata collects water in the hollowed 

 bases of its leaves. The well-known Pineapple (Ananassa sativa) belongs 

 here. The tribes are four. 



Tribe 1. Ananassece. Ovary inferior, fruit fleshy, stamens six. Examples : 

 Ananassa, Bromelia, iEchmea, Billbergia, Hohenbergia. 



Ti'ibe 2. Velloziece. Ovary inferior, fruit capsular, stamens six or more. 

 Examples : Barbacenia, Vellosia. 



Tribe 3. Pitcairniece. Ovary semi-inferior. Examples : Brocchinia, 

 Pitcairnia. 



Tribe 4. Tillandsiea. Ovary free. Examples : Tillandsia, Bonapartea, 

 Navia, Pourretia, Cottenorfia, &c. 



Order 27. Hypoxidace^, the Hypoxis Family. Perianth petaloid, 

 superior ; usually six-parted, regular ; stamens six, inserted into the base of 

 the segments of the perianth ; filaments distinct ; anthers introrse. Ovary 

 inferior ; three-celled ; ovules numerous, amphitropal ; style simple ; stigma 

 three-lobed. Fruit indehiscent, sometimes succulent, one-, two-, three- 

 celled. Seeds 00, with a lateral hilum and a beaked caruncle ; testa black 

 and crustaceous ; embryo straight, in the axis of fleshy albumen ; radicle 

 remote from the hilum. Herbaceous and usually stemless plants, with 

 80 



