BOTANY. 91 



OiiDER 42. Garrvace.i:, the Garrya Family. FloAvers unisexual, amen- 

 taceous. Male flowers, perianth of four parts, stamens four, alternate 

 with the segments of the perianth. Female flowers, perianth superior, two- 

 toothed ; ovary unilocular ; ovules two ; pendulous on short funiculi ; 

 styles two. Fruit baccate, indchiscent. Seeds two ; embryo minute, at the 

 base of fleshy albumen. North American shrubs, with opposite, exstipulatc 

 leaves. The male plants of Garrya ellipilca are commonly cultivated in 

 shrubberies, and are prized for their peculiar silky catkins. Lindley 

 associates with this order the Helwingiacere, which agree in their unisexual 

 flowers, adherent fruit, pendulous ovules, minute embi-yo, at the base of the 

 solid albumen. There are two known genera, and six species. Example : 

 Garrya. 



Order 43. Juglandace.e, the Walnut Famil3\ Flowers unisexual. 

 Male flowers amentaceous : perianth membranous, oblique ; irregularly-lobed, 

 with a scaly bract. Stamens definite or 00 : filaments short, free ; anthers 

 dithecal, erect. Female flowers iu terminal clusters, or in loose racemes, 

 Avith separate or united bracts : perianth, single or double, the outer three- 

 or five-parted, inner, when present, in minute separate pieces. Ovary adherent 

 to the perianth, one-celled ; ovule solitary, erect, orthotropal ; styles one 

 or two, very short ; stigmas two or four, fringed or sessile discoid, and 

 four-lobed. Fruit a drupe, sometimes v, ith an adherent involucre ; endocarp 

 bon}'^, two-valved, or valveless, two- or four-celled at the base, and one-celled 

 at the apex, with partial dissepiments. Seed exalbuminous, two- or four- 

 lobed, with a membranaceous testa ; embryo large ; cotyledons fleshy, oily, 

 and sinuous ; radicle superior. Trees Avith alternate, pinnated leaves, having 

 neither dots nor stipules. Examples : Juglans, Carya, Engclhardtia, and 

 Pterocarya. 



The plants of this family are chiefly North American, Avhere they are 

 represented by one genus (Carya) peculiar to the country, and another 

 (Juglans) which possesses one European species. The fruit of Carya, 

 knoAvn as hickory nuts, shell barks, Pecan nuts, &c., is highly prized as an 

 article of food, Avhile the timber is of exceedingly great value. The Walnut 

 and Butternut, or white Walnut, belong to the genus Juglans ; the Avood of 

 the former species is hardly surpassed as a beautiful material for cabinet 

 Avare. The bark of Juglans cinerea, or butternut, is a valuable medicinal 

 agent. 



Juglans regia, English Avalnut (European) (/>/. Tl,^!?"- 4) ; a, branch Avith 

 male catkins and female floAvers ; b, male flowers on a scale ; c, a male 

 flower enlarged; r/, female floAver; e, vertical section of ditto;/, fruit Avith 

 part of the hull removed ; g, longitudinal section. 



Order 44. Amentace.i:, the Catkin Family. FloAvers unisexual. Male 

 flowers capitate or in catkins (amenta), sometimes with a membranous 

 perianth. Female floAvers, clustered, solitary, or in catkins. Stamens varying 

 from one to tAventy, distinct or monadelphous ; anthers dithecal. Ovary 

 usually simple ; stigmas one or more. Fruit membranous, or bony, or 

 drupaceous, indehiscent or dehiscent. Seeds solitary or numerous, erect or 

 pendulous, usually exalbuminous ; embryo straight or curved ; radicle mostly 



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