112 BOTANY. 



simple ; embryo straight, in the axis of mealy albumen ; radicle superior. 

 Herbs or undershrubs, with alternate or fasciculate exstipulate leaves, some- 

 what sheathing at the 'base ; flowers panicled or capitate. They inhabit the 

 sea-shore and salt marshes, chiefly in temperate regions. There are two sections 

 of this order: 1. PlumbaginCcTe, with a synpetalous corolla and connate styles. 

 2. Staticere, with a pentapetalous corolla and distinct style. Lindley mentions 

 eight genera and one hundred and sixty species. Examples : Plumbago, 

 Statice, Armcria. 



Plumbago europea, Toothwort, Southern Europe {pi. 60, 61, _^^. 9) : a, upper 

 part of the plant ; 6, portion of a leaf magnified ; c, calyx magnified ; d-, section 

 of flower tube ; c. stamens and pistil ; /, anther magnified ; g, section of the 

 ovary showing tlie ovule with its long funiculus. 



Ordeu 81. PuiMULACE.^, thc Primrose Family. Calyx rarely four-cleft, 

 inferior, or half superior, regular persistent. Corolla monopetalous, hypo- 

 gynous, rarely perigynous, Avith the limb five- rarely four-cleft, sometimes 0. 

 Stamens inserted on the corolla, equal in number and opposite to its segments. 

 Ovary free, rarely adherent to the base of the calyx, one-celled ; ovules 00, 

 amphitropal; style one; stigma capitate. Fruit a capsule, opening with 

 valves, or Avith a lid. Seeds numerous, peltate, attached to a free central 

 placenta ; embryo straight, inclosed within fleshy albumen, and lying across 

 the hilum. Herbaceous plants, witli leaves usually opposite, and frequently 

 radical, exstipulate ; flowers on simple or mnbellate scapes. They are natives 

 cliiefly of temperate and cold regions in the northern hemisphere ; some occur 

 in elevated stations in warm countries. 



Sub-order 1. Primulem. Pod entirely free from the calyx, opening by 

 valves. Examples : Primula, Dodecatheon, Trientalis, Lysimachia, Cycla- 

 men, &c. 



Sub-order 2. AiiagalUdecB. Pod free from the calyx, opening all round by 

 a transverse line, the top foiling off by a lid. Example : Anagallis. 



Sub-order 3. Samolea. Pod half adherent to the calyx. Example : 

 Samolus. 



Sub-order 4. Hotouiecc. Pod opening by valves. Seeds fixed by the base, 

 anatropous. Example : Hottonia. 



All the genera above enumerated are found in the United States, except 

 Cyclamen. This is known in Europe as sow-bread, on account of the 

 partiality shown to the tuberoid, partly subterraneous stems, by hogs. The 

 cowslip and the primrose are respectively Primulea veris and vulgaris ; the 

 oxlip P. elatior. 



Anagallis arvensis. Pimpernel, indigenous in Europe, introduced into Ame- 

 rica (/?/. 60, 61,_^o-. 10) : a, the plant; 6, the calyx magnified ; c, portion of 

 the corolla magnified ; rf, stamen ; e, pistil ; /, pod, showing the manner of 

 opening ; g^ a seed magnified ; h, transverse section of ditto. 



Lysimachia vulgaris, Loose-strife, Europe (pZ. 60, Q\,fig- 13): a, branch 

 Avith floAvers ; 6, extremity of calyx-lobe magnified ; c, stamens ; d, capsule 

 in the calyx ; e, a seed ; / and g, transverse and longitudinal section of 

 ditto. 



Cyclamen europseum, Sow-bred (/>/. 60, 61, fig. 12) : a, the plant ; b, 

 112 



