BOTANY. 113 



calyx and pistil ; c, a portion of the corolla, ^vith two stamens ; d, a stamen 

 magnified ; e, cross-section of tlie anther ; /, vertical section of the ovary ; g, 

 pericarp ; h, a seed magnified. 



Dodecatheon integrifolimn, American cowslip, United States {pi. GO, 6L 

 ^fii^. 11) : a, lower part of the plant ; b, scape ; r, stamens separated ; d, pistil ; 

 e. fruit. 



Ordi:r 82. LentiÄulari.-vce/K, the Bladder-wort Family. Calyx inferior, 

 divided, persistent. Corolla monopetalous, hyi)ogynons, irregular, bilabiate, 

 usually spurred. Stamens two, inserted into the ba^e of the corolla, and 

 included ; anthers monothccal, somctinies contracted in the middle. Ovary 

 free, composed of two carpellary leaves, unilocular : ovules 00, anatropal ; 

 placenta free, central ; style one. very sliort ; stigma bilamellar. Fruit a one- 

 celled capsule, dehiscing transversely, or by an apicilar cleft. Seeds numer- 

 ous, minute, exalbuminous ; embryo sometimes undi\ided ; radicle next the 

 liilum. Aquatic or marsh herbaceous plants, with radical leaves, Avhich are 

 sometimes compound, and bciir little bladders or ampullar. FloAvers often on 

 scapes. They are found in all parts of the world, and abound in the tropics. 

 Lindky enumerates' f uir genera, including one hundred and seventy-three 

 species. Exaiiiplcs : Utricularia, Pinguicula. 



Order 83. Ac.vntiiace/e, the Acanthus Family. Calyx with fmr or five 

 divisions, equal or unecjual, occasionally multifid, or entij-e and obsolete, 

 persistent. Corolla monopctalous, hypogynous, usualh'' irregular, vnth the 

 limb ringent or bilabiate, or rarely unilabiate, sometimes nearly equal, 

 deciduous. Stamens inserted on the corolla, usually two. sometimes four, 

 didynamous, the shorter ones being occasionally sterile ; anthers one- or 

 two-celled, with longitudinal dehiscence. Disk glauflular. Ovar^' free, 

 two-celled; placentas adhering to the axis; ovules two or more in each 

 cell, curved ; style one ; stigma twodnbed, rarely entii-e. Fruit a tAvo- 

 celled capsule, dehiscing by two elastic valves, in a loculicidal manner. 

 Seeds two or m.any in each cell, sometimes solitary, roundish, attached to 

 hard, persistent, hooked or subulate, ascending processes of the placenta ; 

 testa loose ; albumen : embryo curved or straight : cotyledons large, 

 leafy ; radicle cylindrical, next the hilum. ITerbaceous plants or shrubs, 

 Avith opposite, exstipulate. simple leaves, and bracteated flowers, two or three 

 large leafy bracts accompanying each flower. They abound in tropical 

 regions. The order has been divided into three tribes by Nees d'Esenbeck, as 

 follows : — 



Tribe 1. Tluinbersriea : placental processes, in the form of a hard cup 

 supporting the seed. Example : Thunbergia. 



Tribe 2. NelsoniecB : placental processes contracted into a papilla, bearing 

 tlie small and pitted sec 1. Example : Nelsonia. 



Tribe 8. Eclunatacanthi. Placental processes hooked. Of this tribe 

 there are seven sections. 1. Hys;rophiles. Example: llygrophila. 2. 

 RuelUecu. Examples : Dipteracanthus, Ruellia. -3. Barleriecc. Example : 

 Earleria. 4. AcantJic.a:. Example: Blepharis. 5. Justicicm. Example: 

 Justicia. G. Didiptererc. Example : Blechum. 7. Androffraphidea. 



IL-OXOGKATillC ENCVCI.Or.TCDIA. VOI„ II. 8 113 



