IIG BOTANY. 



at the base ; aestivation imLiicate. In the bud, the flü^YCI•3 arc reguhir. Sta- 

 mens usually 4, didynamous, rarely 5, sometimes 2 ; anthers bilocular or 

 unilocular by abortion or adhesion. Ovary free, two-celled ; ovules usually 

 00 ; style simple ; stigma two-lobed, rarely entire. Fruit capsular, rarely 

 fleshy, dicarpellary, two-celled, two- to four-valved, o])eniiig by sei)ticidal 

 or loculicidal dehiscence, rarely by pores or lids, the dissepiments becoming 

 finally loose in the centre. Placentas attached to the dissepiment, and some- 

 times in the mature fruit becoming central. Seeds definite or 00 ; embryo 

 straight or slightly curved, included within fleshy albumen. Herbs, under- 

 shrubs, or shrubs, with opposite, whorled, or alternate leaves. They are found 

 generally distributed over the globe, both in cold and warm regions.' The order 

 has been divided by Bentham into three sections : 



Sub-order 1. Salpiglossidecß. Segments of the corolla equal with indupli- 

 cate or bilabiate restivation, the biloped lip external. Inflorescence centrifugal. 

 This suborder contains but a single tribe — 1. iSalpiglossefP. Examples : 

 Duboisia, Schizanthus. Principally South American. 



Sub-order 2. Aiitlrr/iiiiidece. Corolla bilabiate, the bilobed lip external. 

 Inflorescence centripetal or compound. Tribe 2. Calceolurieoe. Example : 

 Calceolaria. Tribe ?>. Verbascece. Examples : A^'erbascum, Celsia. Tribe 

 4. Hemimerideoi. Examples : Alonsia, Colpias, &ic. Tribe 5. Antirr/ii/iicce 

 Examples : Linaria, Antirrhinum. Tribe 6. C7ielone(C. Examples : Chelone, 

 Collinsia, Pentstemon, Scrophularia. Tribe 7. Escobediecc. Examples : 

 Alectra, Escobedia, &c. Tribe 8. Gratiolem. Examples : Diplacus, Cono- 

 bsea, Gratiolo, Ilysanthus, Ilemianthus, Ilerpestis. 



Sub-ord(r 3. Rhinantliideiv. Corolla bilabiate, the bilobed lip never ex- 

 terior in jcstivation. Inflorescence centripetal or compound. Tribe 9. Sib- 

 thorpiecp. Examples: Sibthorpia. Limosella. TribelO. Buddleiecr. Example: 

 Bryodes. Tribe 11. Digitcdea'. Examples : Digitalis, Synthyris. Tribe 

 12. Veronicoi. Example : Veronica. Tribe 13. Buchnerece. Example : 

 Buchncra. Tribe 14. Gerardiece. Exiimples : Seymcria, Gerardia.* Tribe 

 15. Eup/irasiecc. Examples : Castilleja, Schwalbea, Euphresia, Pthinanthus, 

 Pedicularis, Melampyrum. 



Most of the above-mentioned genera have North American representatives. 

 The entire order, according to Lin'dley, contains 176 genera and 1814 species. 

 Some plants of the order are poisonous. The most important medicinal species 

 is Digitalis purpurea, or Fox-glove. The common Mullein (Verbascum thap- 

 sus) has been introduced into America from Europe, as also Linaria vulgaris, 

 Toad-flax, an abundant yellow weed. 



Calceolaria corymbosa, Slipperwort (Chili) {pi. 6j2, ßg. 9) ; c, calyx ; d, 

 vertical section of flower. 



Digitalis purpurea, purple Fox glove (Europe) {pi. G2,fg. 8); A, extremity 

 of stalk ; B, central portion of do. ; a. insiile of the flower (in part) magnified, 

 with the stamens ; b and c. anthers ; d, calyx with pistil ; e, seed vessel ; /, 

 do. burst open ; g, do. in cross-section ; h, placenta ; ?", seed ; k. a seed magni- 

 fied ; I and m, sections of do. 



Verbascum thapsus, Mullein (Europe) {pi. 62. fig. 10); b, calyx; c, corolla 

 with the five stamens ; d, smooth stamen ; e, hairy stamen. 

 116 



