BOTANY. 131 



Ericece. Cells many-seeded. Examples : Erica, Calluna. Ti-ibe 3. 

 ArbutecB. Fruit, a berry or drupe. Examples : Arbutus, Arctostaphylos. 

 Tribe 4. Andromedea. Fruit, a pod, opening loculicidally. Examples : 

 Gautiera, Epigaea, Andromeda, Clethra. Tribe 5. RJiodorece. Fruit, a 

 pod, opening septicidally. Examples : Rhodora, Azalea, Rhododendron. 

 Kalmia, Loiseleuria, Ledum, Leiophyllum. 



Sub-order 2. Pyrolece. Calyx free from the ovary ; petals distinct, or 

 nearly so ; seeds with a very loose and cellular covering, much larger than 

 the nucleus ; mostly herbaceous, with evergreen foliage. Examples: Pyrola, 

 Chimaphila, Moneses. 



Sub-order 3. MonotropecB. Flowers nearly as in sub-orders one and two, 

 seeds as in three. Entirely destitute of green foliage, with the aspect of 

 Beech drops. Examples : Pterospora, Hypopitys, Monotropa. 



The entire order includes about 52 genera and 880 species, many of 

 which are North American. The true heaths are, however, entirely 

 wanting in this continent. The heather of England is composed of Calluna 

 vulgaris. The Rhododendrons, Azaleas, and Kalmias, of North America, 

 are among her most showy plants. Kalmia latifolia, or common Laurel, is 

 said to be poisonous to sheep, but not to deer and pheasants (Tetrao 

 umbellus). Well authenticated cases exist of poisonous effects produced 

 by eating these birds after they had devoured Laurel-buds. Gautiera 

 procumbens, Tea-berry, or Wintergreen, is used to flavor candies and 

 syrups. Chimaphila umbellata, or Pipsissiwa, has medicinal properties. 

 Monotropa uniflora, or Indian pipe, is a singular plant, entirely white and 

 fleshy, found in damp, rich woods. 



Erica filamentosa, Cape Heath, Cape of Good Hope {pi. 64, ßg. 6) ; a, a 

 flowering branch ; b, anther magnified ; c, pistil magnified. 



Ledum palustre. Marsh Tea, Northern Europe and America (pi. G4,fg. 5) ; 

 a, a flowering branch ; b, portion of lower surface of leaf magnified ; c, 

 calyx and sexual apparatus ; d, stamen magnified ; e, the stigma ; f, open 

 capsule magnified ; g, cross-section of ditto ; h, seeds on the placenta ; i, 

 a seed magnified. 



Order IH. Gesnerace^, the Gesnera Family. Calyx partially adherent, 

 five-partite ; aestivation valvate. Corolla monopetalous, tubular, more oi 

 less irregular, five-lobed ; aestivation imbricated. Stamens four, didynamous, 

 with the rudiment of a fifth, rarely two ; anthers dithecal, with a thick 

 swollen connective. Ovary partly free, unilocular, formed by two carpels 

 with parietal placentas, which are two-lobed ; ovules indefinite, anatropal : 

 style continuous with the ovary ; stigma capitate, concave, glandular or 

 annular. Disk surrounding the base of the ovary. Fruit capsulate or 

 succulent, one-celled, more or less adherent. Seeds 00, minute ; testa thin, 

 finely and obliquely veined ; embryo erect in the axis of fleshy albumen ; 

 radicle pointing to the hilum. Herbs or shrubs, often springing from scaly 

 tubers, with opposite or whorled, rugose, exstipulate leaves, and showy 

 flowers. They are found principally in the warmer regions of America, 

 and are interesting chiefly on account of their beauty, for they do not appear 

 to possess any important qualities. There are twenty-two known genera 



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