142 BOTANY. 



medicinal species are those belonging to the sub-order Cinchonaceae. 

 Peruvian bark is furnished by various species (about twelve) of Cinchona. 

 It owes its efficacy to two alkaloids, Cinchonia and Quina. The bark of 

 Pinckneya pubens has properties somewhat similar to that of true Cinchonas. 

 Ipecacuanha is the root of Cephaelis ipecacuanha, a Brazilian plant. The 

 coffee plant, Coffea arabica, likewise belongs to this order. It is originally 

 a native of Arabia and the borders of Abyssinia. Rubia tinctoria yields 

 madder, a very valuable dye. 



Rubia tinctoria, madder (pi. 65, ßg. 3) ; a, the root ; b, a flowering 

 branch ; c, d,f, flowers ; e, pistil ; g, anthers. 



Coffea arabica, coffee (pi. 65, fig. 4) ; a, a branch with flowers and 

 fruit ; b, pistil ; c, flower expanded ; d, fruit ; e, do. with part of the hull 

 removed, showing the two seeds ; f, a seed ; g, cross-section. 



Order 121. Caprifoliace^, the Honeysuckle Family. Tube of the calyx 

 adherent to the ovary ; the limb five- (rarely four-) cleft or toothed. 

 Corolla tubular, or sometimes rotate ; the lobes imbricate in aestivation. 

 Stamens equal in number and alternate with the lobes of the corolla (or 

 rarely one of them deficient), and inserted into the tube ; anthers introrse, 

 versatile. Ovary three- (rarely four- to five-) celled, with one to several 

 pendulous ovules in each cell ; style filiform, with a somewhat capitate 

 stigma ; or wanting, and the oblong stigmas three to five. Fruit baccate, 

 fleshy, or sometimes dry (rarely capsular), often one-celled by abortion. 

 Seeds anatropous. Embryo in the axis of fleshy albumen. Shrubs, or 

 rarely herbaceous plants, with opposite exstipulate leaves. Inflorescence 

 various. Chiefly found in the northern parts of EurofJe, Asia, and 

 America. 



Sub-order 1. Lonicerece. ' CoxoW^ tubular; the limb sometimes irregular. 

 Style filiform. Raphe on the outer side of the ovule. Tribe 1. Caprifoliece. 

 Fruit baccate, sometimes nearly dry. Testa of the seed crustaceous or 

 coriaceous. Examples : *Linnaea, *Symphoricarpus, *Lonicera, *Diervillea. 

 Tribe 2. Triostece. Fruit drupaceous ; endocarp bony. Testa of the seed 

 membranaceous. Example : *Triosteum. 



Sub-order 2. Sa?nbucece. Corolla regular, rotate, or rarely somewhat 

 tubular. Stigmas three to five, nearly sessile. Endocarp of the fruit 

 crustaceous or coriaceous. Testa of the seed membranaceous, the raphe 

 occupying the inner side. Examples : *Sambucus, * Viburnum. 



Lindley assigns fourteen genera and 220 species to this family, of which 

 eight genera and thirty-seven species are North American ; of these, 

 twelve are species of Viburnum, and fifteen of Lonicera. The snow-berry, 

 a common ornamental shrub, is Symphoricarpus racemosus. The Elder 

 (Sambucus), Honeysuckle (Lonicera), are well known plants. Linnaea 

 borealis is a charming species found in the north of the United States and 

 of Europe. 



Lonicera caprifolium, Honeysuckle (Europe) (pi. 65, fig. 5) ; a, a 

 flowering branch ; b, a flower expanded ; c, anther ; d, pistil ; e, fruit ; /, 

 sections of do. ; g, a seed. 



Order 122. Loranthace^, the Mistletoe Family. Perianth in the 

 142 



