BOTANY. 145 



Tliis extensive order is divided by De Candolle into three sub-orders : 

 OrthospermcE, having the inner face of the seed and albumen phme, neither 

 convolute nor involute ; Campylospermce, albumen with a longitudinal 

 groove internally, or the margins involute ; and Ccelospermce, albumen 

 involute at the base and apex. 



Sub-order 1. Orthosperm^. 



T7'ibe 1. HydrocotylecB. Fruit laterally compressed: carpels convex or 

 (rarely) acute on the back ; primary ribs five, sometimes obsolete ; the lateral 

 ones either marginal or on the face of the commissure ; the intermediate 

 ones most prominent ; secondary ribs sometimes persistent and filiform, 

 sometimes almost or entirely wanting. Vittac very seldom present. Seed 

 flattish on the face. Umbels simple or imperfectly compound. Mostly 

 tropical. Examples : *Hydrocotyle, *BowIesia, Centella. 



Tribe 2. MulinecE. Carpels contracted at the commissure, flattened on 

 the back, five-jugate, forming a quadrangular fruit. The species are 

 mostly inhabitants of extra-tropical South America. Examples : Bolax, 

 Huanaca. 



Tribe 3. Sanicidecc. Transverse section of the fruit somewhat orbicular. 

 Carpels with five equal primary and no secondary ribs, or covered with 

 scales or prickles, when the ribs are obliterated. Vittse none, or numerous 

 when the fruit is prickly. Seed flattish on the face. Umbels fascicled oi 

 capitate, simple, or somewhat irregularly compound. Mostly American, 

 between 35° N. L. and 45° S. L. Examples : *Sanicu]a, *Eryngium, 

 Astrantia. 



TH6e 4. Amminece. Fruit evidently compressed laterally, and usually 

 somewhat didymous. Carpels with five equal filiform and sometimes 

 slightly winged primary ribs ; the lateral ones marginal ; secondary ribs 

 none. Vittae various. Seed gibbously convex on the bacß, and flattish on 

 the face, or terete. Umbels perfectly compound. Mostly inhabitants of 

 the temperate regions of both continents. Examples : *Ammi, *Cicuta, 

 *Sium, Carum. 



Tribe 5. Seselinecc. Transverse section of the fruit orbicular or nearly 

 so. Carpels with filiform or winged ribs, of which the lateral ones are 

 marginal, and either equal to or a little broader than the others. Intervals 

 with one or more vittoe, very rarely without any. Seed somewhat teretely 

 convex on the back, flattish on the face. Umbels perfectly compound. 

 Distribution of the species as in the preceding tribe. Examples : *TbapsiurM. 

 *Conioselinum, Lichtensteinia. 



Tribe 6. Pachypleurece. Carpels compressed, lentiform, five-jugate, with 

 thick equal ribs. Inhabitants of Central Asia, South Africa, and the 

 Mediterranean region. Example : Krubera. 



Tribe 7. Angclicecc. Fruit dorsally compressed, M"ith a double winged 

 margin. Carpels with the three dorsal ribs filiform or winged ; the lateral 

 ones dilated and forming the winged margins. Seed convex on the back, 

 flattish on the face. Umbels compound. Mostly inhabit central and 

 northern Europe : a few found in Northern America and- Asia. Exampl«;s ; 

 *Angelica, *Archangelica, Selinum. 



ICONOGUArHIC ENCYCLOPEDIA. VOL. II. 10 145 



