BOTANY. 147 



Europe, Asia, and America. • Examples : ChoDroi)hyllum, *Glycosma, 

 Tauschia. 



Tribe 16. Smyrniece. Fruit turgid, mostly laterally compressed or 

 contracted. Carpels with five ribs ; the lateral ones marginal or placed 

 opposite the margin, sometimes nearly obliterated. Seed involute, or 

 sulcate on the face. Umbels compound. Abundant in eastern Europe 

 and Asia ; rare in northern and tropical America. Examples : Conium, 

 *Cynapium, Anosmia. 



Sub-order 3. Ccelosperme^. 



Tribe 17. Coriandrea;. Fruit globose, or the carpels sub-globose and didy- 

 mous ; primary ribs of each carpel five, depressed and flexuous, or nearly 

 obsolete ; the secondary ones four, more prominent: all wingless. Umbels 

 compound. Mediterranean Europe and Asia ; North America. Examples • 

 *Atrema, *Erigenia, Cor ion. 



Many of the Umbelliferae are valuable for various purposes. Some are 

 esculents, as Daucus carota, the carrot ; Pastinaca sativa, the parsnip ; 

 Apium graveolens, celery ; Petroselinum sativum, parsley, &c. The 

 roots of Arracacha esculentum, a native of Grenada, may serve as a 

 substitute for the potatoe. Some species yield foetid resins, as assafoetida, 

 from Ferula assafoetida, a native of Persia. Caraway seeds are the fruit of 

 Carum carui ; coriander seeds, of Coriandrum sativum.. Many are highly 

 poisonous, as Conium maculatuni. Water Hemlock. 



Lindley enumerates 267 genera, embracing 1500 species. Of these, fifty 

 genera and about 140 species are North ximerican. 



Chaerophyllum temulum, Europe {pi. 65, ßg. 10) ; a, a lower leaf; /;, 

 lower part of the stem ; c, a flower branch ; d, a flower ; e, the fruit. 



Conium maculatuni. Hemlock, Europe {pi. 65, fig. 11) ; a, cross-section 

 of stem ; b, flowering branch with flowers and fruit ; c, involucre ; d, flower ; 

 e, pistil ; /, fruit ; g, cross-section of achaenium. 



Cicuta virosa, Water Hemlock, or Cow-bane, Europe {pi. 65, fig. 8) ; a, 

 vertical section of the root ; b, flower branch ; c, flower ; d, pistil ; «, 

 acheenia ; /, cross-section of ditto ; g, vertical section of achasnium. 



^thusa cynapium. Fool's Parsley, Europe {pi. 65, fig. 9) ; a. cross- 

 section of the stem ; b, branch with flowers and fruit ; c, flower ; d, achaenia. 



(Enanthe fistulosa. Dead Tongue, Europe {pi. 65, fig. 7) ; a, the entire 

 plant ; b, c, flowers ; d, pistil ; e, involucre ; /, anther ; g-l, fruit. 



Sium lalifolium, Water Parsley, Europe and Northern America 

 {pi. 65, fig. 12); a, flowering branch ; b, a lower leaf; c, flower; d, pistil : 

 e, fruit ; f-h, achaenium with longitudinal and transverse sections of ditto. 



Order 126. Hamamelidace^, the Witch-hazel Family. Calyx four- or 

 five-lobed or truncate. Petals four or five or 0, inserted on the calyx, 

 alternating with the calycine segments. Stamens twice as many as the 

 petals, in two rows, one of which alternates with the petals and is fertile, 

 the other is opposite to them and sterile; anthers bilocular, introrse. Ovary 

 adherent, two-celled; ovules solitary or several (in Bucklandia and 

 Sedgwickia), pendulous or suspended ; styles two. Fruit, a two-celled, Iwo- 

 valved capsule, opening by loculicidal dehiscence. Seeds pendulous ; 



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