BOTANY. 1J9 



more or less adherent ; styles usually two, and distinct ; herbs with alternate, 

 usually exstipulate leaves. Exam})les : *Saxifraga, *Heuchera, *Mitella. 



Sxih-order 2. EscalloniecB. Petals and stamens five ; ovarv inferior ; 

 style simple ; albumen oily. Evergreen shrubs, with alternate, simple, 

 exstipulate leaves, found in the temperate regions of South America (one 

 species, Itea virginica. North America), often at great elevations. 

 Examples: Escallonia, *Itea. 



Suh-order 3. HydrangecB. Petals four to six ; stamens eight to twelve, 

 or CO ; anthers sometimes biporose ; ovary more or less inferior ; styles two 

 to five, usually distinct. Shrubs with opposite, sometimes whorled, 

 exstipulate leaves ; flowers frequently cymose, with the exterior flower 

 sterile and dilated. Found chiefly in the temperate parts of Asia and 

 America. Examples : *Hydrangea, *Decumaria. 



Sith-order 4. Cunoniacece. Petals four to five, or ; stamens eight to 

 ten, or ^ ; ovary half inferior ; styles two, distinct or combined : trees or 

 shrubs with opposite leaves, having interpetiolary stipules. Natives of 

 South America, East Indies, South Africa, and Australia. Example : 

 Codia. 



The entire order contains fifty -seven genera and upwards of nine hundred 

 species. North America has fifteen genera and ninety species (Saxifraga 

 alone has forty-six). Saxifraga granulata, Europe {pi. 69, j^^. 2) ; a, 

 tubers ; h, upper part of the plant ; c, coronal scale ; d, sexual apparatus ; e, 

 calyx \\\i\\ capsule ; /, vertical section of ditto ; g-h, seeds. 



Order 129. Philadelphace.e, the Mock Orange Family. Calyx, with a 

 four- to ten-divided, persistent limb. Petals alternate with the divisions of 

 the calyx, and equal to them in number ; aestivation convolute. Stamens 

 « (rarely ten), in one or two rows, arising from the orifice of the calyx. 

 Ovary adherent to the tube of the calyx ; styles distinct or united into one ; 

 stigmas four to ten; ovules«, attached to a central placenta. Fruit, a 

 four- to ten-ceiled capsule, free above. Seeds cc, scobiform, subulate, 

 smooth, pendulous, with a loose membranous arillus ; albumen fleshy ; 

 embryo straight, about as long as the albumen ; cotyledons flat ; radicle 

 next the hilum, obtuse. Shrubs with deciduous, opposite, exstipulate leaves, 

 without dots ; flowers usually in trichotomous cymes. They are natives of 

 the south of Europe, of North America, Japan, and India. They have no 

 marked properties. The flowers of Philadelphus coronarius, Syringo, have 

 a peculiar sweetish odor, which, to some persons, is overpowering and 

 disagreeable. Of the single genus Philadelphus five species are found in 

 North America. 



Order 130. Grossulace^ or Ribesiace^, the Gooseberry Family. 

 Calyx four- to five-cleft, regular, colored. Petals minute, perigynous, equal 

 in number to the segments of the calyx, and alternate with them. Stamens 

 four to five, altei'nate with the petals, and inserted into the throat of the 

 calyx; filaments short; anthers dithecal. Ovary unilocular, adherent to 

 the tube of the calyx ; ovules », anatropal, attached to two opposite parietal 

 placentas ; style single, two- to four-cleft. Fruit a one-celled berry, 

 crowned with the remains of the flower. Seeds «, immersed in pulp, and 



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