BOTANY. 153 



chiefly distinguished by liieir bisepalous calyx, perigynous stamens, and 

 transversely dehiscent capsule. Examples : *Portulaca, Talinum, *Calan- 

 drinia, *Claytonia, *Montia, *Calyptridium. These embrace all the North 

 American genera, with twenty-six species. The entire order includes 

 twelve genera, and 184 species. 



Order 137. Turner ace^e, the Turnera Family. Calyx with five equal 

 lobes ; aestivation imbricated. Petals five, perigynous, equal ; aestivation 

 twisted. Stamens five, perigynous, alternating with the petals ; filaments 

 distinct ; anthers dithecal, innate, oblong. Ovary free, one-celled, with 

 three parietal placentas ; ovules «, anatropal ; style more or less cohering, 

 or forked ; stigmas multifid. Fruit a one-celled, three-valved capsule, 

 dehiscing only half way down, in a loculicidal manner. Seeds crustaceous, 

 reticulated, arillate on one side ; embryo slightly curved, in the midst of 

 fleshy albumen ; cotyledons plano-convex ; radicle pointing to the hilum. 

 Herbaceous or somewhat shrubby plants, occasionally with stellate 

 pubescence, having alternate, exstipulate leaves, and frequently two glands 

 at the apex of the petiole. They are natives of the West Indies and 

 South America. They are not put to any important use. Lindley gives 

 two genera, including sixty species. Examples : *Turnera, Piriqueta. 

 Turnera cistoides, a Florida species, is our sole representative. 



Order 138. Passiflor.\ce^, the Passion-flower Family. Sepals five, 

 combined below into a more or less elongated tube. Petals five, perigynous, 

 often with filamentous or annular processes on their inside, which appear 

 to be an altered whorl or whorls of petals, occasionally wanting, imbricated 

 in aestivation. Stamens five, monadelphous, surrounding the gynophore 

 when present, rarely °o, usually with processes from the thalamus, interposed 

 between them and the petals ; anthers dithecal, extrorse, versatile, dehiscing 

 longitudinally ; pollen grains sometimes bursting by opercula. Ovary one- 

 celled, often with a gynophore ; ovules anatropal, ^ ; styles three ; stigmas 

 dilated. Fruit often stipulate, one-celled, sometimes three-valved, opening 

 by loculicidal dehiscence, or succulent and indehiscent. Seeds «;, attached 

 to parietal placentas, arillate, or strophiolate ; spermoderm brittle and 

 sculptured ; embryo straight in the midst of this fleshy albumen ; radicle 

 pointing to the hilum. Herbs or shrubs, often climbing, with alternate, stipulate 

 or exstipulate leaves. The order has been divided into three sub-orders. 



Suh-order 1. Paropsiecu, plants not climbing, with a sessile ovary, arillate 

 seeds, and exstipulate leaves. 



Sub-order 2. Passiflorece, climbing plants with a stalked ovary, arillate 

 seeds, stipulate leaves, and glandular petioles. 



Suh-order 3. Malesherhiece, plants not climbing, with a stalked ovary, 

 style below the apex of the ovary, strophiolate seeds, and exstipulate leaves. 

 They are natives chiefly of warm climates, and are found in America, the 

 East and West Indies. There are fourteen known genera, and 215 species. 

 Examples : Paropsia, Smeathmannia, *Passiflora, Tacsonia, Malesherbia. 

 Passiflora with four species represents this order in North America. 



The name passion-flower was given on account of a fancied resemblance 

 to the appearances presented on Mount Calvary. In the five anthers, a 



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