BOTANY. 161 



little below the petals, equal in number to tlieni, or two, three, or four times 

 as many ; anthers adnate, dithecal, introrse, with longitudinal dehiscence. 

 Ovary superior, two- to six-celled ; ovules numerous, anatro})al ; style 

 filiform ; stigma usually capitate. Fruit a dehiscent membranous capsule, 

 surrounded by the calix but not adherent to it, sometimes one-celled by the 

 obliteration of the dissepiments. Seeds numerous, small, apterous or 

 winged, exalbuminous, attached to a central placenta ; embryo straight ; 

 cotyledons flat and foliaceous ; radicle next the hilum. Herbs and shrubs, 

 with branches which are usually tetragonal, and with opposite, rarely 

 alternate, entire, exstipulate leaves without glands. They are natives of 

 Europe, North and South America, and India. The order is divided into 

 two sub-orders : 



Sub-order 1. Lyihrem^ with apterous (wingless) seeds. 



Sub-order 2. Lagerströmiece., with winged seeds. 



Lindley gives thirty-five genera, including three hundred species. Ex- 

 amples : *Lythrum, *Cuphea, Lagerstromia. 



Lythrum salicaria, the Willow Strife, is found in all quartere of the 

 globe. Lawsonia inermis furnishes the Henna of the Arabians, a substance 

 used in imparting an orange color. North American genera five, with ten 

 species. 



Lythrum salicaria {2)1. 70, fig. 1) ; A, lower part ; B, upper part ; «, 

 portion of flower displayed ; 2», an anther ; c-ö, fruit ; f-g., seed. 



Ord?:k 151. CALYCANTnACEiE, the Calycanthus Family. Sc])als and 

 petals confounded, indefinite, combined in a fleshy tube ; aestivation imbri- 

 cated. Stamens t>o, perigynous ; anthers adnate, extrorse, with longitudinal 

 dehiscence. Ovaries several, one-celled, adhering to the tube of the calyx ; 

 <.)vules solitary or two, one above the other, anatropal ; style terminal. 

 Fruit consisting of acha?nia, inclosed in the fleshy tube of the calyx. Seed 

 exalbuminous ; embryo straight ; cotyledons convolute ; radicle inferior. 

 Shrubs, with square stems, consisting of a central woody mass, with four 

 smaller ones around ; leaves opposite, simple, scabrous, exstipulate. They 

 are natives of North America and Japan. 



The genera are *Calycanthus and Chimonanthus, with six species. 

 Calycanthus *floridus is the so-called shrub of gardens, well known for the 

 sweet scented flowers called Shrubs. A second speci»es is found in 

 California. 



Order 152. Rosacea, the Eose Family. Calyx four-t.) five-lobed, the 

 fifth lobe superior. Petals as many as the divisions of the calyx, often five, 

 sometimes wanting, perigynous, generally regular ; aestivation quincuncial. 

 Stamens inserted with the petals, definite or indefinite ; filaments incurved 

 in aestivation ; anthers bilocular, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovaries superior, 

 either solitary or several, unilocular, sometimes uniting; so as to form a 

 many-celled pistil ; ovules one, two, or more, anatropal, suspended^ rarely 

 erect ; styles lateral ; stigmas usually simple. Fruit either achaenia or 

 drupes, or follicles or pomes. Seeds erect or inverted, usually exalbuminous ; 

 embryo straight, with the radicle next the hilum, and leaiy or fleshy 

 cotyledons. Herbaceous plants, or shrubs, or trees, with simple or 



ICONOGRArHIC ENCYCLOPEDIA. VOL. II. 11 161 



