BOTANY. 167 



Astragalus yield gum tragacanth. This is especially obtained from A. 

 verus, a native of Persia and Asia Minor. Myroxylon peruiferum furnishes 

 Balsam of Peru ; M. toluiferum, Balsam of Tolu. African Kino is produced 

 from Pterocarpus erinaceus. Cowitch consists of the hairs of Mucunu 

 pruriens. Species of Indigofera, as I. tinctoria and coerulea, yield indigo. 

 Red sandalwood is obtained from Pterocarpus santalinus. Tonga beans are 

 derived from Dipterix odorata. The peculiar flavor of Sapsago cheese is 

 owing to the flowers and seeds of a species of Melilotus. Arachis hypoga^a 

 produces its legumes under ground, which are known as ground nuts. 

 Erythrina monosperma yields gumlac. " The wood of Robinia pseudo-acacia, 

 or the Locust tree of the United States, is in much request for fence posts. 

 tfec, on account of its great durability. 



Sub-order 2. Ccesal^niece. Flowers irregular, but not papilionaceous^, 

 petals spreading, imbricated in aestivation, upper one interior. Seeds 

 without albumen, embryo often straight. Stems arborescent or shrubby, 

 sometimes climbing. Leaves simple, or more frequently compound, and 

 often bipinnate. 



Tribe 1. Leptolobieoß. Calyx usually campanulate, five-fid. Petals five, 

 somewhat unequal. Ten fertile stamens, somewhat unequal, declined or 

 divergent. Support of the ovary free. Leaves pari- or imparl- pinnate 

 (not bipinnate); leaflets tending to alternation. Example: Hsematoxylon. 



Tribe 2. Euccesal'pinieoß. Calyx five-fid, or more frequently five-partite. 

 Petals five, somewhat unequal. Ten fertile stamens, somewhat declined. 

 Support of the ovary free. Leaves bipinnate. Examples : ^Ceesalpinia, 

 *Guilandina, *Gleditschia, *Gymnocladus. 



Tribe 3. Cassiece. Calyx five-partite. Petals five. Stamens ten or less, 

 scarcely perigynous, some of them often deformed or wanting. Anthers 

 large, oblong or quadrangular, opening by a pore at the apex, more rarely 

 by a pore at the base. Support of the ovary free. Leaves paripinnate, 

 more rarely with somewhat alternating leaflets, with a terminal one. 

 Examples : *Cassia, Senna. 



Tribe 4. Swartziem. Calyx with valvate dehiscence, sometimes bursting 

 irregularly, sometimes divided to the base in four to five nearly equal 

 segments. Petals five or less ; sometimes reduced to one, or entirely 

 absent. Stamens indefinite, more or less numerous, slightly or considerably 

 unequal, inserted with the petals on the receptacle, or else distinctly (but 

 rarely) on the calyx. Leaves imparipinnate ; leaflets numerous or solitary. 

 Bractlets mostly wanting. Example : Swartzia. 



Trihe 5. Amherstiew. Calyx tubular inferiorly and persistent ; divisions 

 four to five, concave, imbricated, reflexed or caducous. Petals five or less, 

 reduced sometimes to one. Stamens ten or more, or less, all, or sometimes 

 one only, very long and folded in the bud. Support of tlie ovary most 

 generally united on one side with the tube of the calyx. Leaves pari- 

 rarely impari-pinnate. Example: Tamarindus. 



Trihe 6. Bauhiniece. Calyx tubular inferiorly, persistent, the divisions 

 sometimes short and dentiform, sometimes elongated and valvate. Petals 

 five. Stamens ten or less. Support of the ovary free or united. Leaves 



167 



