BOTANY. ^ 169 



Cassia lauceolata, Senna (Upper Egypt and Nnbia) {pi. 70, fig. T] ; 

 flowering branch, half opened legume and seed. 



Tamarindus indica. Tamarind tree (South Asia and Central Africa) {pi. 

 70, fig. 8); a., flowering branch; 5, sexual apparatus; c, calyx and ovary 

 in cross-section ; d^ legume, partly in section ; ö, seed. 



Htematoxylon campeachianum. Logwood (central America) {p>l. 70, 

 fig. 9); a, flowering branch ; J, cross-section of the young wood ; c, flower; 

 d., do. from beneath ; <?, portion of a flower with pistil, two stamens, a petal, 

 and a sepal ; y, sexual apparatus of natural size ; g-i., buds ; A", a legume. 



Okder 155. CoNNARACE^, the Connarus Family. Flowers bisexual, 

 rarel V' luiisexual. Calyx five-partite, regular, persistent ; {estivation imbricate 

 or valvate. Petals five, inserted at the base of the calyx. Stamens twice 

 as many as the petals, inserted with them, and doubtfully hypogynous ; 

 filaments united at the base. Ovary consisting of one or more separate 

 carpels, each having a terminal style, and a dilated stigma; ovules in pairs, 

 collateral, ascending, orthotropal. Fruit follicular, dehiscing along the 

 ventral suture. Seeds solitar}^ or in pairs, erect, with or without albumen, 

 sometimes arillate ; embryo with a superior radicle, remote from the hilum, 

 and cotyledons, which are either fleshy or leafy. Trees or shrub«, with 

 compound, alternate, exstipulate leaves, which are not dotted. They are 

 tropical plants, some of which have febrifuge properties. Omphalobium 

 lamberti is said to furnish Zebrawood. This order, as well as the orders 

 Anacardiacete and Amyridaceae, are by many considered truly hyj^ogynous, 

 and as belonging to Thalamiflorae. Lindley notices five genera, and forty- 

 one species. Examples : Connarus, Omphalobium, Cnestis. 



Order 156. Amyridace^, the Amyris Family. Flowers usually bisexual, 

 sometimes unisexual by abortion. Calyx persistent, regular or nearly so, 

 with two to five divisions. Petals three to five, inserted at the base of the 

 calyx ; »estivation valvate or imbricated. Stamens twice or four times as 

 many as the petals, perigynous. Disk covering the base of the calyx, often 

 in a ring-like manner. Ovary superior, sessile, one- to five-celled ; ovules 

 in pairs, anatropal, pendulous or suspended ; style one or none ; stigma 

 simple or lobed, sometimes capitate. Fruit dry, one- to five-celled, inde- 

 hiscent, or its ej^icarp splitting into valves. Seeds solitary, exalbuminous, 

 with a superior radicle next the hilum, and cotyledons, which are fleshy or 

 wrinkled. Trees or shrubs, abounding in resin, with opposite or alternate 

 compound leaves, which are frequently stipulate and dotted. They are 

 natives of tropical regions. There are two sub-orders : 



Sith-order 1. AmyridecB^ with an unilocular ovary. 



Suh-order 2. BursereaB.^ with a two- to five-celled ovary. Some look 

 upon the stamens of Amyrideae as truly hypogynous, and consider the order 

 as allied to Aurantiacese. 



Lindley gives twenty-two genera, and forty-five species. Examples : 

 *Amyri8, Boswellia, Bursera, Balsamodendron. Amyris floridana is the 

 sole North American representative. 



Yarious balsamic and resinous substances are obtained from ])lants of this 

 order. One of these is gum elemi. Olibanum, or the true Frankincense, is 



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