BOTANY. 173 



stipulate leaves, found in New Holland, and not possessing any marked 

 properties. Lindley notices two genera and ten species. Example : 

 Stackliousia. 



Sub-class 4. Thalafniflorce. 



Calyx and corolla present ; petals distinct, inserted into the thalamus or 

 receptacle ; stamens hypogynous. This includes the hypogynous polypeta- 

 lous orders of Jussieu, and a diclinous order (Menisperraacere). Sometimes 

 the petals are abortive, and it is then difficult to determine whether the 

 plant belongs to this sub-class, or to Monochlamydete. 



Order 162. Coriariace,«, the Coriaria Family. Flowers unisexual. 

 Calyx campanulate, five-parted ; aestivation imbricate. Petals alternate 

 with the calycine segments, very small, fleshy, with a keel on the internal 

 surface. Stamens ten ; filaments filiform, distinct ; anthers dithecal, oblong. 

 Ovary composed usually of five carpels, attached to a thickened receptacle 

 or gynobase, five-celled ; ovules solitary, pendulous ; style ; stigmas five, 

 long and glandular. Fruit, consisting of five monospermous, indehiscent, 

 crustaceous carpels, inclosed by the enlarged petals. Seeds pendulous, 

 anatropal, exalbuminous ; embryo nearly straight ; cotyledons fleshy ; 

 radicle short and blunt. Shrubs with opposite square branches, opposite, 

 simple, ribbed leaves, and scaly buds. They are found in small numbers in 

 the south of Europe, South America, India, and New Zealand. Some 

 of them are poisonous. Eight species of the single genus Coriaria are 

 known. 



Order 163. OcmsrACE^, the Ochua Family. Sepals five, persistent, 

 imbricated in aestivation. Petals equal to, or twice as many as the sepals, 

 deciduous, spreading, imbricated in aestivation. Stamens five, opposite the 

 sepals, or ten, or indefinite ; filaments persistent, attached to a hypogynous 

 disk ; anthers bilocular, innate, opening by pores, or longitudinally. Carpels 

 as many as the petals, seated on an enlarged gynobase (thecaphore) : ovule 

 erect or i^endulous, styles united into one. Fruit gynobasic, consisting of 

 several succulent, indehiscent, monospermous carpels. Seeds anatropal, 

 usually exalbuminous; embryo straight; radicle short; cotyledons thick. 

 ITndershrubs or trees, with alternate, simple, stipulate leaves, and pedicels 

 articulated in the middle. They grow in tropical countries, and are 

 remarkable for the large succulent prolongation of the receptacle to which 

 the carpels are attached. Tliey are generally bitter, and some of them are 

 used as tonics. Lindley enumerates six genera, comprehending eighty-two 

 species. Examples : Ochna, Gomphia, *Castela. This order is represented 

 in North America by a single species, Castela nicholsonii. 



Order 164. Simarubace^, the Quassia and Simaruba Family. Flowers 

 usually hermaphrodite. Calyx in four or five divisions ; aestivation 

 imbricated. Petals four or five, spreading or connivent into a kind of tube ; 

 aestivation twisted. Stamens twice as many as the petals ; filaments 

 arising from scales. Ovary four- or five-lobed, fuur- or five-celled, supported 

 on a gynophore ; ovules solitarv ; style sinii)le; stigma four- or five-lobed. 



17; 



