BOTANY. 183 



Malpighia urens (South America and West Indies) {pi. 67, fig. -2) ; a^ 

 liowering branch ; h, calyx ; c, petal ; d., stamens and pistil. 



Okdee 183. Erytiieoxylace.e, the Erythroxylon Family. Sepals five, 

 united at the base, persistent ; aästivation imbricated. Petals five, hypo- 

 gynous, broad and with a small scale at the base, slightly contorted in 

 lestivation. Stamens ten, monadelphous ; anthers erect ; bilocular, with 

 longitudinal dehiscence. Ovary three-celled, two of which are sometimes 

 abortive ; styles three, distinct, or united ; stigmas three ; ovule single, 

 pendulous. Fruit a one-seeded drupe. Seed angular, anatropal ; embryo 

 in the axis of firm albumen, rarely exalbuminous ; cotyledons linear, flat, and 

 leafy. Shrubs or trees with alternate stipulate leaves. Flowers arising 

 from numerous, imbricated, scale-like bracts. Found chiefly in the West 

 Indies and South America. The plants of the order have tonic, purgative, 

 and narcotic qualities. The leaves of Erythroxylon coca are used in Peru 

 as a stimulant like opium. Some yield a dye. Tliere are two or three 

 known genera, and about eighty species. Examples : EryÜiroxylon, 

 »Sethia. 



Okder 184. HipPOCKATEACE^, the Hippocratea Family. Sepals five, 

 very small, united up to the middle, persistent, with an imbricated aestivation. 

 Petals five, with an imbricated aestivation. Stamens three, monadelphous ; 

 the united filaments forming a tube or a disk-like cup round the ovary ; 

 anthers with transverse dehiscence. Ovary free, trilocular ; style one ; 

 8tigmas one to three. Fruit consisting either of three samaroid carpels, or 

 fleshy and one- to three-celled. Seeds definite, about four in each cell, 

 attached to a central placenta, exalbuminous, anatropal, with a straight 

 embryo, and flat, somewhat fleshy cotyledons. Arborescent or climbing 

 shrubs, with opposite, simple, somewhat coriaceous leaves, having small 

 «leciduous stipules. They are found principally in South America ; a few 

 are natives of Africa and the East Indies. The fruit of some is eatable. 

 Lindley mentions six genera, comprehending eighty-six species. Examples : 

 Hippocratea, Salacia. • 



Okder 185. Marcgraaviace^, the Marcgravia Family. Sepals two to 

 seven, usually coriaceous and persistent ; aestivation imbricated. Corolla 

 hypogynous, of five petals, or gamopetalous, calyptriform, entire or torn at 

 the point. Stamens usually 00, very rarely five, hypogynous ; filaments 

 dilated at the base ; anthers long, erect, introrse. Ovary single, unilocular ; 

 style one ; stigma often capitate. Fruit coriaceous, indehiscent, or dehiscing 

 by valves in a loculicidal manner, the placentas being parietal and forming 

 spurious dissepiments. Seeds indefinite, minute, in a pulp, anatropal, 

 exalbuminous ; embryo straight. Trees and shrubs, with alternate, simple, 

 entire, coriaceous, and exstipulate leaves. Flowers furnished occasionally 

 with bracts, which are folded and united so as to form ascidia. They occui- 

 chiefly in the warmer parts of America. Their properties are scarcely 

 known. There are four genera mentioned, and twenty-six species. 

 Examples : Marcgraavia, oN'orantea. 



Order 186. Gu'itifek^, or Clusiace^, the Gamboge Family. Sepals two 

 to six, or eight, usually persistent, round, frequently unequal and colored ; 



183 



