1 84 BOTANY. 



estivation imbricated. Petals hypogynous, equal to, or a multiple of, the 

 sepals. Stamens hypogynons, usually 00, rarely definite, free or variously 

 imited at the base ; filaments unequal in length ; anthers adnate, intvo-rse 

 or extrorse, sometimes very small, occasionally unilocular, and sometimes 

 with 2wrous or circumscissile dehiscence. Thalamus, forming a fleshy, 

 sometimes five-lobed disk. Ovary solitary, one- or many-celled ; ovules 

 either solitary and erect, or ascending and numerous, and attached to 

 central placentas ; style or very short ; stigmas j)eltate or radiate. Fruit 

 dry or fleshy, one- or many-celled, one- or many-seeded, either with 

 septicidal dehiscence or indehiscent. Seeds definite, anatropal, orthotropal, 

 in a pulp, apterous, and often arillate, with a thin and membranous 

 spermoderm ; albumen ; embryo straight; cotyledons usually cohering. 



Trees or shrubs, sometimes parasitical, with exstipnlate, op}>osite, 

 coriaceous, entire leaves, having a strong midrib, and lateral veins running 

 directly to the margin. Flowers articulated with the peduncle, often 

 unisexual by abortion. They are natives of tropical regions, more 

 especially of South America. Lindley enumerates 30 genera, including 

 150 species. Tribe 1. Clus'ua>. Ovary many-celled, one- or many -seeded. 

 Fruit capsular. Example : *Clusia. Tribe 2. Mwonobem. Ovary many- 

 celled, the cells many-seeded. Fruitfleshy, indehiscent. Example : Chrysopia. 

 Ti'ibe 3. Garciniew. Ovary many-celled, the cells one-seeded. Fruit 

 fleshy. Examples : Mammea, Garcinea, Cambogia. Tribe 4. CalophylUa' . 

 Oells of ovary two, with two seeds, or one cell with one to three seeds. 

 Fruit capsular or drupaceous. Example : Mesua. 



Garcinia cambogia, a Malabar tree, furnishes gamboge. G. mangostena 

 supplies the East Indian Mangosteen fruit. The Mammee apple of South 

 America is derived from Mammea americana. A species of Clusia is found 

 in Florida. 



Carcinia cambogia, the Gamboge tree {jpl. 67, fig. 4); a, a flowering 

 branch ; J, the fruit ; o, cross-section ; rZ, flower ; ^, pistil in section ; y, a 

 seed. 



Ojbder 187. 1Iy]'ekicacej2, the St, John's Wort Family. Sepals four or 

 five, separate or united, persistent, usually with glandular dots, unequal ; 

 iBStivation imbricated. Petals four or five, oblique, often with black dots ; 

 lestivation contorted. Stamens hypogynons, co, generally polyadelphous, 

 very rarely ten, and monadelphous or distinct ; filaments filiform ; anthers 

 bilocular, with longitudinal dehiscence ; carpels two to five, united round a 

 central or basal placenta ; styles the same in number as the carpels, usually 

 separate ; stigmas capitate or simple. Fruit either fleshy or capsular, 

 nuiltilocular and multivalvular, rarely unilocular. Seeds usually 00, minute, 

 anatropal, usually exalbuminous ; embryo usually straight. Herbaceous 

 plants, shrubs, or trees, with exstipnlate, entire leaves, Avhich are usually 

 opjiosite and dotted. Flowers often yellow. They are distributed very 

 generally over all parts of the globe, are found in elevated and low, dry and 

 damp situations. They yield a resinous colored juice, which has purgative 

 properties, and resembles gamboge. Lindley places Parnassia in this order. 

 There are 15 known genera, and about 270 species. North America has 

 184 



