186 BOTANY. 



ovules one to three, pendulous from a central placenta ; style filiform ; 

 stigma simple. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent, often surrounded by the enlarged 

 calyx, unilocular, monospermal. Seed anatropal, pendulous ; albumen 

 copious, fleshy ; einbryo small, at the base of the albumen. Trees or 

 shrubs, with simple, alternate, exstipulate leaves, which are, however, 

 sometimes abortive. They are chiefly tropical or sub-tropical. Little is 

 known in regard to their properties. There are twenty-four genera and 

 fifty-three species enumerated. Examples : Olax, Opilia. 



pRDER 190. Ternstk(emiace^, the Tea Family. Sepals five or seven, 

 concave, coriaceous, deciduous, the innermost often the largest ; aestivation 

 imbricated. Petals five, six, or nine, often combined at the base. Stamens 

 indefinite, hypogynous ; filaments free, or united at the base in one or more 

 parcels ; anthers versatile or adnate, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 

 multilocular ; styles two to seven. Fruit either a capsule, two- to seven- 

 celled, opening by valves, or coriaceous and indehiscent. Seeds attached 

 to the axis, few and large ; albumen 0, or in very small quantity ; embryo 

 straight, or bent, or folded back ; radicle next the hilum ; cotyledons very 

 large, often containing oil. Trees or shrubs, with alternate, coriaceous, 

 exstipulate leaves, which are sometimes dotted. They abound in South 

 America, and many occur in India, while others inhabit China and North 

 America. There are 33 genera and 130 species enumerated. ICxamples : 

 Ternstrcemia, *Gordonia, Camellia, Thea, *Stuartia. 



Species of Thea (T. viridis and bohea) furnish most of the Chinese teas. 

 It is a matter of some uncertainty whether black and green teas are derived 

 from difterent species or not. Green teas contain more essential oil and 

 tannin than black. The principal varieties of the former are Twankay, 

 Voung Hyson, Ilyson, Gunpowder, and Imperial ; the latter include Bohea, 

 Congou, Souchong, Oolong, and Pekoe. Perfume is communicated to teas 

 by the flowers of Olea fragrans, Cloranthus inconspicuus, and Aglaia 

 odorata. The highly ornamental Camellia japonica is a member of the 

 order. 



Thea chinensis. Tea plant {pi. 67, fig. 6) ; a, 6, c, three varieties ; d^ 

 pistil and one stamen ; e, /', ^, ovary. 



Camellia japonica (Japan) {pi. 68, fi^. 14) ; a, branch with a flower ; 5, 

 two stamens ; c, pistil ; <i, cross-section of capsule ; e^ section of seed. 



Order 191. Chl^nace.«. Involucre one- to two-flowered, persistent. 

 Sepals three, small. Petals five to six, hypogynous, sometimes combined at 

 the base, where they are broader. Stamens ten, or indefinite ; filaments 

 cohering at the base, and united to the base of the petals ; anthers roundish, 

 free or united, bilocular. Ovary single, trilocular ; style one, filiform ; 

 stigma trifid. Capsule three-celled, or by abortion one-celled. Seeds 

 solitary or numerous, suspended, attached to a central placenta ; embryo in 

 the axis of fleshy or horny albumen ; cotyledons leafy, undulated. Trees 

 or shrubs, with alternate stipulate leaves, found in Madagascar. Their 

 properties are unknown. There are four genera eimmerated, including 

 probably about eight or ten species. Examples : Sarcolaäna, Leptolsena. 



Order 192. DiPTEROCARPACEiE, the Sumatra Camphor Family. Calyx 

 186 



