192 ' BOTANY. 



Tamarix germanica, Tamarisk [pi. 69, ßg. 4); «, flowering branch; J, 

 flower ; c, sexual apparatus ; d, staminal tube displayed ; e, anther ; /, petal ; 

 g, pistil ; A, the fruit in the calyx ; i, a single fruit ; a-, vertical section of 

 ditto. 



Order 201. Tremandrace^, the Pore wort Family. Sepals four or five, 

 slightly coherent, deciduous with a valvate aestivation. Petals four or five, 

 deciduous, with an involute aestivation. Stamens hypogynous, distinct, 

 eight to ten, two before each petal ; anthers di- or tetra-thecal, with porous 

 dehiscence. Ovary bilocular, with one to three pendulous ovules in each 

 cell ; style one ; stigmas one or two. Fruit a two-celled, two-valved 

 capsule, with loculicidal dehiscence. Seeds anatropal, pendulous, with a 

 caruncula at the apex; embryo cylindrical, straight, in the axis of fleshy 

 albumen. Ileath-like shrubs, with hairs usually glandular, alternate, or 

 verticillate exstipulate leaves, and solitary, axillary, one-flowered pedicels. 

 They are natives of New Holland. Nothing is known regarding their 

 properties. Lindley mentions three genera including sixteen species. Ex- 

 amples : Tetratheca, Tremandra. 



Order 202. Polygalace^, the Milkwort Family. Sepals five, very 

 irregular, distinct ; three exterior, of which one is superior and two inferior ; 

 two interior, usually petaloid lateral ; {estivation imbricated. Petals 

 liypogynous, unequal, usually three, of which one is anterior, and larger 

 than the rest, and two arc alternate with the upper and lateral sepals ; 

 sometimes there are five petals, two of them very minute ; the anterior 

 petal, called tiie keel, is often crested. Stamens hypogynous, eight, mona- 

 delphous or diadelphous ; anthers clavate, usually one-celled, and having 

 porous dehiscence. Ovarj- mostly bilocular ; ovules solitary, rarely two ; 

 style simple, curved ; stigma simple. Fruit dehiscing in a loculicidal 

 manner, or indehiscent. Seeds pendulous, anatropal, strophiolate at the 

 hilum ; albumen fleshy ; embryo straight. Shrubs or herbs with alternate 

 or opposite exstipulate leaves. They are found in all quarters of the globe. 

 Lindley mentions nineteen genera, including 495 species. Examples : 

 *Polygala, Securidaca, * Krameria, Xantophyllum. Of these genera Poly gala 

 with twenty-four species, and Krameria with four, are natives of North 

 America. Some authors place Krameria and Xantophyllum in a separate 

 sub-order (Krameriea?). Plants of the order Polygalacese have some 

 resemblance to Papilionacete, but may be distinguished by the odd petal 

 being inferior and the sepal superior. Polygala senega, the Seneca snake 

 root, is a plant of various medicinal applications. 



Order 203. Droserace^, the Sundew Family. Sepals five, persistent, 

 equal, sometimes united at the base, imbricated in aBstivation. Petals five, 

 alternate with the sepals, nearly or quite hypogynous, marcescent. Stamens 

 distinct, marcescent, usually as many as the petals and alternate with them, 

 i-arely two to three times as many ; filaments capillary or flattened ; anthers 

 extrorse or innate ; cells distinct, or somewhat connivent above, opening 

 longitudinally, or rarely by a terminal pore. Ovary composed of two to 

 five united carpels, one-celled ; placentas parietal, or filling the base of the 

 cell ; styles two to five, usually distinct or united at the base merely, each 

 192 



