198 BOTANY. 



order are chiefly European. The species, however, are found scattered 

 over tropical America, Asia, China, New Holland, Cape of Good Hope, &c. 

 Lindley mentions eighteen known genera, and 130 species. North America 

 has eleven genera, including sixteen species. 



Tribe 1. Argemonece. Juice milky, colored. Suh-trihe 1. Bocconieoe. 

 Petals none, or not wrinkled in the bud. Examples : *Sanguinaria, 

 I3occonia. Sub-tribe 2, Papavefreie. Petals large, wrinkled in the bud. 

 Examples : Clielidonium, *Argemone, *Papaver. 



Tribe 2. Eschsclioltzieai. Juice watery. Sub-tribe 3. Hunemanniece. 

 Capsule bivalve. Examples : Eschscholtzia, *I)endromecou. Sub-tribe 4. 

 Platydemoneiv. Examples : Platystemon, *Meconella. 



Opium is the concrete milky juice from the unripe capsules of Papaver 

 somniferum, or Poppy and its varieties. This plant is indigenous in 

 western Asia, but has become extensively distributed in other parts of the 

 world. The princii)al active principle of opium is morphia : others are 

 codeine and narcotine, with meconic and sulphuric acid. Sanguinaria 

 canadensis. Blood root ur Puccoon, is well known for the red color of its 

 juice. 



Papaver somniferum, Poppy {pi. QQ^ fig. 9) ; «, a flowering branch ; J, 

 bud, a sepal removed ; c, pistil ; (7, capsule, opened at the side ; e, seed 

 magnified ; f\ seed of natural size ; </, stamen. 



Chelidonium majus, Celandine (Europe) {pi. QQ., fi^. 10) ; «, 5, flower 

 and fruit branch ; <?, bud ; f7, flower ; t', stamen ; y, pistil ; </, capsule. 



Ckder 212. Sarraceniack^:, the Sidesaddle-flower Family. Sepals five, 

 persistent, ftnbricated in {estivation, often with coherent bracts outside. 

 Petals five, hypogynous, concave ; occasionally the corolla is absent, and 

 the calyx consists of four to six segments. Stamens 00 ; anthers adnate, 

 dithecal, introrse, with longitudinal dehiscence. Ovary free, tri- 

 qiiinquelocular ; style single ; stigma persistent, either a truncated point, or 

 large and peltate with five angles ; ovules anatropal. Capsule three- to five- 

 celled, with loculicidal dehiscence. Seeds very numerous, small, attached 

 to large placentas which project from the axis into the cavity of the cells ; 

 albumen copious ; embryo cylindrical, lying at the base of the seed ; radicle 

 pointing to the hilum. Herbaceous plants, found in boggy places, having 

 radical leaves, the petioles of which are folded, and coliere so as to form 

 ascidia or hollow tubes. Scapes one- or more-flowered. The plants are 

 found in North America and Guiana. Their properties are not known. 

 Lindley enumerates two genera, including seven species. Examples : 

 Sarracenia, Ileliamphora. All of these are North American, excepting 

 Heliamphora Math one species, found in Guiana at considerable elevations. 

 Sarracenia purpurea is the Sidesaddle flower of the northern States. 



Order 213. Nelumbiace^, the Water-Bean Family. Sepals four to five. 

 Petals numerous, in many rows. Stamens indefinite, in several rows ; 

 filaments petaloid ; anthers adnate, introrse, opening by a double longi- 

 tudinal cleft. Torus large, fleshy, elevated, inclosing in hollows of its 

 surface numerous carpels. Nuts numerous, inserted, but loose, into the 

 depressions of the torus. Seeds one to two; perisperm none; embryo 

 198 



