BOTANY. 201 



tribola, is the Papaw of the western and middle States. Anona clierimolia 

 furnishes the Cherimoyer of Pern. The lancewood in so much request for 

 carriages, fishing-rods, &c., is furnished by Duguetia quitareusis, a native of 

 Guiana. 



Anona squamosa, Anona, West Indies {jpl. 68, fig. 3) ; a, flowering 

 branch ; J, receptacle ; c, stamen ; 0?, fruit in section ; c, seed ; /", ditto in 

 section. 



Order 219. Magnoliace^, the Magnolia Family. Sepals two to six, 

 usually deciduous. Petals two to thirty, hypogynous, often in several rows. 

 Stamens indefinite, distinct, hypogynous : anthers adnate, dehiscing longi- 

 tudinally. Carpels numerous, one-celled, arranged upon a more or less 

 elevated receptacle ; ovules anatropal, suspended, or ascending ; styles 

 short. Fruit consisting of numerous distinct or partially coherent caqiels, 

 which are either dehiscent or indehiscent, sometimes samaroid. Seeds, 

 when ripe, often hang suspended from the carpels by a long, slender cord ; 

 embryo minute, at the base of a fleshy perisperm. Trees and shrubs, with 

 alternate coriaceous leaves, and deciduous convolute stipules. They 

 abound in North America, and some species occur in South America, 

 China, Japan, New Holland, and New Zealand. 



Sub-order 1. Magnoliece. Carpels spicate on the elongated torus. 

 Anthers long. Scales of the leaf-bud formed of convolute stipules. 

 Examples : Talauma, *Magnolia, *Liriodendron, Michelia. 



Suh-order 2. IllicieoB. Carpels in a single whorl, anthers short. Leaves 

 with transparent dots. Examples : Tasmannia, Drimys, *Illicium. 



Svh-order 3. Schizandrece. Flowers monoecious, or dioicious. Pistils 

 imbricated, spicate, or cajntate. Stamens in a cluster, monadelphous, or 

 distinct. Stipules none. Leaves entire or toothed. Stems often sarmen- 

 tose. Mucilaginous, the seeds aromatic. Examples : Sphaerostemma, 

 *Schizandra. 



The order, according to Lindley, contains eleven genera and sixty-five 

 species, of which three genera and ten species are North American. The 

 Magnolias belong principally to the United States and to China. Magnolia 

 grandiflora has flowers six to eight inches in diameter. M. macrophylla 

 has leaves from one to three feet in length. The cucumber tree of the 

 middle States is M. acuminata. M. glauca is a small species found in wet 

 places along the Atlantic coast, and possessing very fragrant white flowers. 

 Winter's bark is obtained from Drimys winteri, or aromatica, brought from 

 the Strait of Magellan, in 1579, by Captain Winter. Liriodendron 

 tulipiferum is the American Tulip tree, or Po])lar, which furnishes the 

 valuable cabinet wood, known as poplar. (The wood of Populus, or the 

 true Poplar, is unfit for manufacturing purposes.) Several species of 

 niicium or Anise are found in the United States. 



Illicium anisatum. Star Anise, China and Japan {pi. 68, fig. 2) ; «, 

 flowering branch ; i, flower from above ; c, pistil and stamens ; d^ stamens ; 

 c, pistil ; f, seed vessels ; ^, seed. 



Magnolia grandiflora. United States {pi. 68, fi^. 1) ; ß, leaves and 



201 



