202 BOTANY. 



flower ; 5, a capsule burst, and a seed banging out by tbe funicuhis ; c, dy 

 seeds. 



Okder 220. DiLLENiACEiE, the Dillenia Family. Sepals five, persistent. 

 Petals five, deciduous, in a single row. Stamens indefinite, hypogynous, 

 either distinct or combined into bundles ; filaments dilated at the base or 

 apex ; anthers adnate, introi-se, with longitudinal dehiscence. Ovaries 

 definite, more or less distinct, with a terminal style and simple stigma ; 

 ovules ascending. Fruit of two- to five-cajisular, or baccate unilocular 

 carpels, which are either distinct or coherent. Seeds irillate, several in 

 each carpel, or only two, or one by abortion ; testa (spermoderm) hard ; 

 embryo straight, minute, at the base of fleshy albumen. The plants of the 

 order are trees, shrubs, or undershrubs, having alternate, exstipulate, 

 coriaceous, or rough leaves. They are found chiefly in Australasia, Asia, 

 and the warm parts of America. Tliey have astringent properties, and 

 some of the species aff'ord excellent timber. Lindley enumerates 26 genera, 

 including 200 species. Tinhe 1. Dillenieoe. Anthers with linear cells. 

 Australasian species. Example : Dillenia. Tribe 2. Delirrwce. Anthers 

 with rounded cells. Species mostly American, some few Asiatic or African. 

 Example : Delima. 



Order 221. RANUNcuLACEiE, the Crowfoot Family. Sepals three to six, 

 frequently five, deciduous. Petals five to fifteen, rarely abortive, sometimes 

 anomalous in form, occasionally with scales at the base. Stamens usually 

 indefinite, hypogynous ; anthers adnate ; carpels numerous, one-celled, 

 distinct, or united into a single many-celled pistil ; ovary containing one 

 anatropal ovule, or several united to the inner edge. Fruit various, either 

 dry achaenia, or baccate, or follicular. Seeds albuminous, erect, or 

 pendulous ; albumen homy ; embryo minute. Herbaceous, suftruticose, or 

 rarely shrubby plants, having alternate, or opposite, simple, much-divided 

 leaves, with dilated sheathing petioles. Juice watery. Hairs, if present, 

 simple. Tribe 1. Clematidecs. Calyx colored, with valvate aestivation. 

 Petals none or shorter than the sepals. Achaenia one-seeded, with the styles 

 much elongated and plumose, the seed pendent. Generally climbing shrubs 

 with opposite leaves. Examples: *Clematis, * Atrogene. Tnhe '2,. AnemonetB. 

 Calyx often colored, with imbricate aestivation. Petals none or plane. 

 Achaenia one-seeded, with styles often much elongated and plumose, with 

 pendent seeds. Herbs with leaves usually radical, the cauline alternate; 

 flowers often involucred. Examples : *Tlialyctrum, *Hepatica, *Hydra8tis, 

 *Anemone. Trihe 3. Ranunculeoe. Calyx with imbricated aestivation. 

 Anthers extrorse. Petals with a small nectariferous scale or gland at the 

 base inside. Seed erect, sometimes suspended. Herbs with the leaves 

 radical or alternate ; the flowers solitary, not involucred. Example : 

 *E.anunculus. Trihe 4. Helleh&reoB. Calyx with imbricated aestivation. 

 Petals none or irregular, often tubular or bilabiate. Carpels follicular, 

 many-seeded. Herbs with the leaves radical, or wdth the caulinary 

 alternate. Examples : *Caltha, *Trollius, Helleborus, *Delphinium, 

 * Aconitum, *Aquilegia. Tribe 5. Pmonieoe. Calyx with imbricate aesti- 

 vation. Petals plane or none. Carpels fleshy or capsular, often one-seeded 

 202 



