170 ZOOLOGY. 



Westwood, who follows Latreille prettj closely, adopts the following 

 arrangement : 



SECT. 1. TEKEBRANTIA, Latr. Abdomen with a saw or borer for 

 depositing the eggs. 



Sub-sect. 1. Securifeea. Abdomen sessile, larvse feeding upon vegetable 

 matter, and having a well developed mouth. Fam. 1, Tenthredinidee j 2, 

 UroceridoB. 



Sltb-sect. 2. PcpivoRA. Abdomen pedunculated, having a borer, larva 

 without feet, having mandibulate trophi slightly developed, and generally 

 parasitic in other living insects. 



Dtvh'ion 1. Splculifera. Abdomen with an elongate plurivalve oviduct; 

 larva? generally parasitic in other insects. Fam. 3, Cynipidce; 4, Evaniidw^ 

 5, Ichneum^iidöß ; 6, Chalcidid(B ; T, Proctotrupidce. 



Division 2. Tuhulifera., Latreille. Extremity of the abdomen tubular, 

 retractile, and furnished with a minute sting. Larvae feeding upon the 

 larvai of other Hymenoptera, or upon dead insects deposited by the parent 

 of such larvje for the supi)ort of the latter. Fam. 8, Chrysididce. 



SECT. II. ACULEATA. Abdomen of the females and neuters armed 

 with a poison sting. Antennae of the male with thirteen, and the female 

 with twelve articulations. 



Sub-sect. 1. Pk^edones, Latr. Basal articulation of the posterior tarsi 

 cylindrical, not dilated, nor formed for collecting pollen. Larvae feeding 

 upon other insects stored up, or upon animal or vegetable fluids provided 

 bv the neuters. Fam. 9, CrahronidcB ; 10, Larridoi ; 11, Bemhecidoe ; 12, 

 SphecidoB ; 13, Sooliidm ; 14, Mutillidxß ; 15, Formiddoe ; 16, Emnenidce ; 

 17, Vespidce. 



Sub-sect. 2. Meluifera, Latr. Basal articulation of the posterior tarsi 

 dilated and pollinigerous. Larvae feeding upon honey or pollen paste 

 deposited by the parent or collected by the neuters. Fa7rh. 18, Andrejiidce ,' 

 19, Apidce. 



Fam. 1. Tenthredinid(ß. In this family the body is short and sub- 

 cylindrical, the thorax robust, and bearing large wings with more numerous 

 areas than in the other families. The antennae are short, the mandibles 

 strong, and the maxillary palpi are six-articulate. The abdomen of the 

 female is provided with a pair of saws, which are regularly toothed, and 

 present various modifications, probably adapted to the nature of the material 

 to be sawed, as we know that the saws used in mechanical operations must 

 be varied according as the wood is wet or dry, hard or soft. The two saws 

 are applied together and worked with an alternate motion, one being drawn 

 back when the other goes forward, sawing a groove in tender bark, or in 

 leaves, in the latter case either beneath the ribs, or in the edge. In this groove 

 the egg is inserted. The young live either in galls which are the result of 

 the wounds, or, coming forth, they feed upon leaves. Some species do not 

 saw grooves for the eggs, but affix them to leaves and branches. The 

 larvae in this family have a close resemblance to those of the Lepidoptera, 

 having, like them, six thoracic feet; but they have generally from twelve 

 to sixteen abdominal or false feet, whilst those of the former have not more 

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