ARTICULATA. I79 



those which fly by twilight, and have the antennas gradually thickened ; and 

 the third [Nocturna)^ the niglit-fliers, in which the antenna^ are nsnally flliform. 

 These sections correspond respectively to the extensive Linnjean genera, 

 Paplio^ Sphinx^ and Phalama. But the terms of these sections are not exact, 

 because some of the Crepuscularia and Nocturna are day -fliers, and on this 

 account Boisduval applied the name Rliopalocera (meaning club-horned) 

 to the Diurna, and Heterocera to the others, on account of their antennae 

 being variously formed. Blanchard names the latter Chalinoptera^ because 

 they (generally) have a kind of bridle to unite the posterior to the anterior 

 wings, and the former (the Diurna), Aclialhioptera^ because they want this 

 contrivance. The Achalinoptera (or Diurna) he separates into five tribes : 

 Papilioniens^ Nymplialiens^ Eryciniois^ II<'-sj)eriens, and Ci/dimoniens. 



The Chalinoptera he divides into nine tribes ; Castnietis^ Sesiens, Zyga>- 

 niens^ SpM?igie?is, Bombyciens, Noctueliens^ Uraniens^ Phaleniens^ and 

 Pyraliens. 



West wood divides the Rhopaloceka into the families: 1, Papilionidoe ; 

 2, HeUconiidce; 2>^ Nymphalidce ; ^^Erycinidm; Z, Lycanidcc ; 6, Ilesperi- 

 idce,; and the ITeterockra into : 1^ SpJiingidw j 2, UraniidcGj 3, Anthro- 

 ceridce (or Zygoenidce)) 4, Trachiliidce (or Sesiades^ Latr.) ; 5, Ilepialidcn ; 

 Q^ Bombycidcii I 7,Arctiidcß/ S,Zit/iosid(e; 9, JVociuldte ; 10, Geometridte; 

 11, Pyralidce I 12, Tortncidm ', 13, Yp)0)iommtidm 1 14, Tineidoi', 15, 

 Alucitid(£. 



In the Nomenclator Zoologicus of Agassiz the following families are 

 admitted, but a uniform termination is not given : Papilionides^ Nyctalidece^ 

 Spliingides^ Sesice^ Zygcvnides, Chelonarii^ Bowhyces^ Noctucv., Geometixn^ 

 Pyrcdides^ Tortrices^ Tineoi^ Pteroplwrii. 



Fam. 1. Pteroplioridiii. This tamily includes several genera of small 

 insects remarkable for having all the wings deeply split into narrow pieces 

 which are fringed and resemble feathers, whence one of the genera has been 

 named Pterophorw^ {P. pentadactylus^ p>l. 79, fig. 77). The rays of the 

 wings can be folded over each other, 



Fam. 2. Tineidm {pi. 79, ßgs. 81-87). This is an extensive fomily of 

 small narrow-winged butterflies, with the rostrum generally rudimentary, 

 and the antenna ordinarily raised over tiie head. These insects are among 

 the smallest of the Lepidoptera, and although their colors are generally 

 sombre, many of them are beautiful objects. In their larva state various 

 species, as Tinea pelUonella {jig. 84), are destructive to clothing, feathers, 

 hair, and similar materials, which are used as food, and to construct a kind 

 of cocoon which the larva carries with it. The larvjie of other species (as 

 Tinea granella^ fig. 81) feed upon stored grain. 



Gallerea cereana {fig. S3) lives in beehives, where it destroys the honey 

 and causes the death of the bees. The larva seems to feed upon the wax. 

 Some authors separate Ilyponomeuta and a few other genera in which the 

 wings inclose the sides, and the posterior ones are the largest, and folded. 

 Hyponomeuta {figs. 86, 87), Plutella {Jig. 82), LemmatopMla {fig. 85), 



Fam. 3. Tortricidm {pi. 79, figs. 78, 79, 90, 91, 92). In this family the 

 wings are enlarged near the shoulder, a little deflexed, and when closed, 



383 



