496 ZOOLOGY. 



disposition the howlers are melancholy and morose ; their movements 

 are tardy and inert ; and, when on the ground, they never attempt to 

 walk on the hinder limbs alone. They feed principally upon fruits and 

 leaves. 



Fam, 5. SiMiD^ (SiMi^ catarrhim), contains the monkeys of the Old 

 World. They have oblique and very wide-set nostrils, and a human-like 

 system of teeth. They are known as apes, monkeys, and baboons. They 

 may be divided into two sedions : The tailed monkeys, by far the more 

 numerous, and the tailless monkeys. 



Beginning with those of the first section, we have the genus Cyno- 

 cephalus (dog-headed monkeys), characterized by a long snout resembling 

 that of a dog, and a short tail. These animals are of a large stature and 

 prodigious in force. They never assume voluntarily the erect attitude, and 

 dwell among craggy l-ocks and precipices, which they climb with great 

 agility. Their diet partly consists of bulbous roots, berries, and grain, and 

 partly of eggs, insects, and scorpions. They are morose and daring in 

 their temper. They congregate in troops, and are bold and skilful in their 

 predatory excursions, maintaining their ground even against large parties 

 of men. The mandrill, C. maimon [pi. 117, fig. 13), is the largest and 

 most ferocious of all the baboons. Another species, C. sphinx {pi. 118, 

 fig. 8), constitute the genus Papio of some naturalists. These monkeys 

 are African. 



The genus Tnuus (the magots), or Barbary apes, is characterized by a 

 slightly lengthened snout, the nose being hardly longer than half the length 

 of the face, and not terminal; the tail is very short. One species (/. ecau- 

 datus) may be seen on pi, 118, fi/j. 9. This is the only quadrumanous 

 mammal Avhich is at present a regular inhabitant of Europe, a large 

 number occurring on the rocks of (ribraltar on both sides of the strait. 

 When 3'oung it may be educated in some degree, but as it advances 

 towards maturity it becomes morose, sullen, and mischievous in confine- 

 ment. In its native haunts, however, it is represented as social, active, 

 and courageous, and is particularly distinguished by its attachment to its 

 young. 



The genus Macacus differs but slightly from the preceding ones ; the 

 snout is lengthened as in baboons, generally more or less in the different 

 genera into which they are subdivided. The tail, however, is longer in 

 this genus; it is pendent, and takes no part in their motions. There are 

 distinct cheek-pouches and callosities. The species inhabit India. Exam- 

 ples : the hare-lipped monkey, M. cynomolgus {pi. 118, fig. 4), and the 

 maned macaque, M. silenns {fig. 7). A fossil species of this genus is 

 found in England. 



The genus Colohus is destitute of the thumb ; in some species only a 

 rudiment of it may be perceived. Several species of this genus exist in 

 Africa ; they are generally of small size, but nothing is known of their 

 habits and distinguishing characters. 



The genus Cercopithecus (guenons) possesses cheek-pouches, callosities 

 on the buttocks, well developed thumbs to their hands, and a long tail. 

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