4 ANTHROPOLOGY. 



Our limits will permit us to give a very brief diagnosis onlj of even the 

 principal of the above divisions, with an indication of their geographical 

 distribution. 



1. MoNGOLiDJi;. The characteristics of the Mongolian family are to be 

 found in a face broad and flat, from either the development of the zygomata 

 or that of the parietal bones, often from the depression of the nasal bones. 

 The frontal profile is retiring or depressed, rarely approaching the perpen- 

 dicular. The maxillary profile is moderately projecting, rarely vertical. 

 Eyes often oblique. Skin rarely a true white, and as rarely a true black. 

 The irides are generally dark. The hair is straight, lank, and black, rarely 

 light colored ; sometimes curl\-, rarely woolly. Found in Asia, Polynesia, 

 and America. 



According to the above table, the Mongolidae are divided into Altaic, 

 Diüscurian, Oceanic, Hyperborean, Peninsular, American, and Indian. 



A. The term Altaic Mongolidae is derived from the Altai Mountains in 

 Central Asia, as being a convenient geographical point of reference for the 

 nations and tribes comprised in this division. It contains as subdivisions, 

 two principal stocks, the Seriform and Turanian. 



The Seriform stock is Mongol in its physical conformation, and is distri- 

 buted over China, Thibet, the Trans-Gangetic Peninsula as far as Malaya, 

 the Himalayan and parts of the Sub-Himalayan range of mountains. 



The principal divisions are : 1. The Chinese, found in China, and having 

 for religion a modified Buddhism, or the religion of Fo. The Chinese, with 

 the yellowish-brown complexioo, broad face, scanty beard, lank, black hair, 

 and small stature of tlie Mongolidse in general, have for their especial 

 characteristic an opening of the eye very narrow, and drawn upwards at 

 its outer angle, so as to render it very oblique. 2. The Thibetans, inhabit- 

 ing Thibet, Butan, &c. Their religion is chiefly Buddhism, although 

 Brahminism prevails on the frontier of India, and Shia Mahometanism in 

 Little Thibet. 3. The Anamese, in Tonquin and Cochin-China. Their 

 language is allied to the Chinese, although actually different. In physical 

 appearance they resemble the Chinese, although of somewhat less size, and 

 with the eyelids not so oblique. 4. The Siamese, from the Gulf of Siam to 

 the frontiers of China. Their religion is Buddhism. 5. The Kamhojians, 

 inhabiting the lower course of the Mekhong Eiver, between the Siamese 

 and Anamese. 6. The Burmese, in the valley of the Irawaddi. 7. The Mon, 

 inhabiting the delta of the Irawaddi, and speaking much the same language 

 as the Burmese. There are also numerous minor nations which appropri- 

 ately belong to the Seriform Altaic Mongolidse. 



The Turanian stock inhabits the northern parts of the Chinese Empire, 

 the greater portion of Siberia, Mongolia, Tartary, eastern Turkestan, Asia 

 Minor, Turkey, Hungary, Finland, Esthonia, and Lapland. Four principal 

 divisions may be established, as follows : 1. The Mongolian branch, found 

 from the Altai Mountains to the Wall of China, and from the Tungiis 

 boundary to Thibet. Their religion is chiefly Buddhism. It includes the 

 Calmucks, and is characterized by presenting the typical features of the 

 Mongolidae, and by the pastoral and nomadic habits of its tribes. 2. The 

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