GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. 5 



Timgus branch. This is found from the Sea of Okhotsk and Kamtschatka 

 to the Yenisei, and from the coast of the Icy Sea to the Yellow Sea. 

 Their position is thus more northern than that of the preceding, while their 

 habits are more those of the hunter and fisherman than of the shepherd. 

 8. The Turk branchy extending from Lake Baikal to the eastern boundary ol' 

 the Greek and Slavonic countries of Europe, and from the northern frontier 

 of Thibet and Persia to the country north of Tobolsk. They are also found 

 isolated in regions exterior to the preceding limits. Their religion is mostly 

 Sunnite Mahometan. 4. IVie Ugriau branch. This extends from Norway 

 to the Yenisei, and from the North Ca])e to Simbirsk, Saratof, and Astrakhan. 

 It is also found isolated in Hungary. Although essentially Mongolian, 

 there is a frequent occurrence of blue eyes and red hair. Their religion 

 varies in different sections of country, the Lutheran, Roman Catholic, 

 Greek Catholic, and Shaman predominating. The principal nations in- 

 cluded in this branch are the Voguls, Ostiaks, Finns, Finlanders, Esthoni- 

 ans, Laplanders, and Magyars or native Hungarians. 



B. The Dioscurian Mongolide derive their name from the ancient 

 sea-port Dioscurias, where the chief commerce between the Greeks and 

 Romans and the natives of the Caucasian range took place. It includes 

 the nations inhabiting the range of Mount Caucasus, and by authors pre- 

 vious to Latham presented as the type of the Caucasian race, and allied 

 with the inhabitants of civilized Europe. But in the confessed absence of 

 authentic and extended osteological and zoological information, this acute 

 ethnologist, from philological grounds, has felt himself compelled thus to 

 alter the generally received classification. The principal divisions are: — 1. 

 The Georgians; 2. The Lesgians ; 3. The Mizjejt. ; 4. The Iron; 5. Tlie 

 Circassians. 



C. The Oceanic MoxGOLiDiE consist of tribes which, with the exception 

 of those on the Peninsula of Malacca, inhabit islands exclusively. They 

 may be divided into two stocks, Amphinesian and Keloenonesian. 



The Amphinesian stock is sub-Mongolian in physical appearance, with a 

 complexion of various shades of brown or olive, rarely black. The hair is 

 black and straight, rarely woolly ; oftener (but not often) wavy and curling. 

 Stature from five feet three to five feet ten. The language contains a 

 certain proportion of Malay words. This stock is distributed over the 

 Malayan Peninsula, the Indian Archipelago, Polynesia, and, perhaps, Mada- 

 gascar. Its chief subdivisions are : 1. The Protonesians. Here the color 

 is of different shades of brown and yellow. The face is flat; the nose, 

 short ; eyes and hair black and straight ; beard scanty ; stature short ; 

 frontal profile retiring; jaws projecting; orbits angular. They inhabit the 

 Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, &c. It is here that we find 

 the typical Malays, so well known both for their virtues and their vices. 

 2. The Polynesians. This section includes inhabitants of islands from 

 the Pelews to Easter Island, and from the Mariannes and Sandwich 

 Islands to New Zealand. In stature they perhaps exceed the Protonesians, 

 with a more common tendency to corpulence. The color often approaches 

 to that of Europeans; the hair frequently waved or curling; the nose 



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