6 ANTHROPOLOGY. 



sometimes aquiline. Their diet consists principally of vegetables, the 

 cocoanut, the taro, and the banana ; when of animal food, it is chiefly 

 fish, sometimes of pigs and dogs, in the almost entire absence of larger 

 mammals. The bow and arrow are rarely used as weapons, but in their 

 stead the club and spear. Of Polynesians there may be distinguished two 

 branches, those inhabiting the Pelew, Caroline, and Marianne Islands, 

 and those found in the Navigator, Society, Friendly, and other islands 

 of the Pacific, in the Marquesas, Easter Island, Sandwich Islands, New 

 Zealand, &c. 



The Keloinonesvin stock has at first sight strong affinities with the black 

 races of mankind, the color of the skin being black, rather than brown or 

 olive. The hair is crisp, curly, frizzly, and sometimes perhaps woolly ; 

 scarcely straight; color black. Stature rather small. It inhabits New 

 Guinea, New Ireland, Solomon's Isles, the Louisiade, New Hebrides, New 

 Caledonia, Australia, and Tasmania. Here the bow and arrow are the 

 prominent weapons. In this area may be distinguished three principal 

 branches: 1. The Papuan ; 2. The Australian ; 3. The Tasmanian. 



D. The Hyperborean Mongolide are found along the coasts of the 

 Arctic Ocean and the courses of the Yenisei and Kolyma, thus occupying 

 the most northern part of the inhabited world. They are constituted by 

 the three divisions of Samoeids^ Yeniseians, and Yuhahiri. 



E. The division of Peninsular Mongolide comprises tribes separated 

 by considerable breaks geographically, and to some extent, apparently, 

 ethnologically. Some lie within the Arctic circle, others extend as far 

 south as 26° north latitude, while an equal difference is seen in their social 

 development. They inhabit islands and peninsulas of northeastern Asia. 

 The principal subdivisions are as follows: 1. The Koreans^ on the peninsula 

 of Korea; 2. The Japanese; 3. The Lu-Chu Islanders; 4. The Aino ; 5. 

 The Koriaks; 6. The Kamtschatkians, in the southern part of the peninsula 

 of Kamtschatka. 



F. The American Mongolide. These include two principal subdivi- 

 sions : 1. The Esquimaux^ and 2. The Indians of North and South America. 

 The former are not confined to North America, being found in Greenland 

 and northeastern Asia; the latter constitute exclusively the aboriginal 

 inhabitants of the continent. 



G. The Indian Mongolide include the inhabitants of Hindustan, Cash- 

 mere, Ceylon, the* Maldives and Laccadives, and part of Beloochistan. 



2. Atlantid^. In the second great family of mankind we find, as the 

 predominant characters, the maxillary profile projectile, the nose flattened, 

 the forehead retreating, the cranium long, with the parietal diameter gene- 

 rally narrow. The eyes are rarely oblique. The skin is often jet black, 

 very rarely approaching a pure white. The hair is crisp, woolly, rarely 

 straight, still more rarely light-colored. The Atlantidae are almost exclu- 

 sively inhabitants of Africa, being found in Asia only on the African side. 

 They may be divided into the Negro ; the Kaffre ; the Hottentot ; the 

 Nilotic; theAmazirgh; the Egyptian; and the Semitic Atlantidae. 



A. The Negro Atlantid^ are distinguished by the black, soft, and 

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