GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. 7 



unctuous sldn ; the woolly hair; thick lips; projecting jaws; retreating 

 forehead, and ilattened nose. They inhabit the low lands and sea portions 

 of Africa, with the delta and courses of the Senegal, Gambia, Niger, Upper 

 Nile, and other rivers of the same continent. Geographically they may bo 

 divided into, 1. the Western; 2. the Central; and 8. the Eastern. 



B. The Caffre Atlantidj-: are subdivided into, 1. The Western ; 2. The 

 Southern ; and 3. The Etstern. Here the cranium is more vaulted than in the. 

 Negro, with the snout less projecting. The hair is tufted, as such approaching 

 the Hottentot; the zygomatic development outwards rather than down- 

 wards, so that the cheek bones become projecting, and the forehead and chin 

 tapering. Lips generally thick, and nose less depressed than in the Negro. 

 Color black, dark brown, or clear brown. Stature tall. They occupy 

 •western, central, and eastern Africa, from the north of the Equator to the 

 south of the Tropic of Capricorn. 



C. The Hottentot Atlantid.'e are low of stature and slight of limb. 

 In color they are more brown or yellow than black; cheek bones prominent; 

 nose flattened; hair in tufts rather than equally distributed over the head. 

 Eyes oblique ; vision acute. Cranium Mongol-like, with wide orbits; chin 

 long, forward, and thin. There are also striking features in the osteology 

 and general anatomy of the Hottentot, to which we cannot here allude. 

 They inhabit elevated table-lands and terraces, generally sterile and ill 

 adapted to furnish vegetable food. The flesh of the larger mammals, with 

 that of reptiles and insects, is an important article of diet. Their principal 

 divisions are into Hottentots proper and Saabs, the former found on the Great 

 Fish River and Orange River, the latter in the country between the Rogge- 

 veld and the middle portion of Orange River. 



D. Nilotic Atlantid^. This division includes the inhabitants of the 

 water system of the Upper and Middle Nile. In external appearance they 

 differ somewhat from the true Negro type, approaching to that of the Arab. 

 They are divided into Gallas, Agoivs, N-ubians, and Bisharis. 



E. The Amazirgii Atlantid.e inhabit the north-western portion of 

 Africa, together with a narrow stri]i along the Mediterranean, from about 

 15° east longitude to the confines of Egypt. They are interesting as being 

 the descendants of the ancient Gretulians, Numidians, Mauritanians, and 

 Cyrenaeans. In physical appearance they resemble sometimes the Negro, 

 sometimes the Arab. Their chief divisions arc: 1. The Stwansoi\he oasis 

 of Siwah ; 2. The Cabi/ks of Mount Atlas ; 8. The Tuaricks of the Sahara ; 

 and 4. The Guanches of the Canary Islands. The latter have now no distinct 

 existence. 



F. The Egyptian Atlantid^. By these are to be understood the 

 old Egyptians, the subjects of the Pharaohs and the Ptolemies, and the 

 modern Copts, as far as they are of unmixed blood. They inhabited and 

 still inhabi^ the valley and delta of the Nile, from Assouan to the Mediter- 

 ranean. 



G. Semitic Atlantid^, These are composed of light complexioned 

 tribes, with sub-depressed skulls, straight and prominent noses, and vertical 

 profile. They are referable to three principal types, the Arab, the Jew, and 



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