8 ANTHROPOLOGY. 



the Kaldani. Their principal divisions are into Syrians, Assyrians, Baby- 

 lonians, Arabs, Ethiopians, Phoenicians, Jews, &;c. 



8. The Japetid^ constitute the third and last division of the table 

 prefixed to this article. It is this which includes the majority of the present 

 inhabitants of civilized Europe, and is found in many other portions of the 

 world, originally colonized from Europe. In this family the jaws project 

 but slightly, the nose is mostly prominent, the facial outline sometimes 

 nearly vertical. Face rarely very flat; moderately broad. Eyes rarely 

 oblique. The skin is white or brunette. Hair never woolly, often light 

 colored. Irides black, blue, or grey. Divided into Occidental and Indo- . 

 Germanic. 



A. Occidental Japetid^. The Celts of Brittany, Wales, Highlands of 

 Scotland, the Isle of Man, and Ireland, are the principal representatives of ■ 

 this section. In physical conformation they are presented under two prin- 

 cipal types. 1. The Silurian^ with eyes and hair black ; complexion dark 

 with a ruddy tinge ; chiefly found in South Wales. 2. The Hibernian, with 

 grey eyes, yellowish, red, or sandy hair, and light complexion. 



B. Indo-Germanic Japetiu^e. Of this division we may make two classes, 

 1. European; 2. Iranian. In the European Indo-Gerraanic class we find 

 three subdivisions. 



1. The Gothic : with blue eyes, flaxen hair, ruddy complexion, smooth 

 skin, and fleshy limbs ; or else with grey, dark, or hazel eyes, brown or 

 black hair, and sallow or swarthy complexion. Found at the present time 

 in Germany and Scandinavia, Switzerland, Holland, Belgium, Great Britain, 

 Ireland, United States, Canada, and Australia. Descended from the ancient 

 Germans of the region between the Khine and the Elbe. It may be divided 

 into the Teutons, having as subdivisions, again, the Moeso-Goths, High Ger- 

 mans, and Low Germans ; and into the Scandinavians, including the Ice- 

 landers, Faroers, Norwegians, Swedes, and Danes. 



2. The Sarrnatiaiis, including the Lithuanians (old Prussians, Lithuanians, 

 and Letti), and the Slavonians (Russians, Servians, Illyrians, Tshechs, Poles, 

 Serbs, and Polabi). 



3. The Mediterranean, inhabiting Greece and Italy, subdivided into the 

 Hellenic and Italian branches. 



The Iranian Indo-Germanic class includes the inhabitants of Kurdistan, 

 Persia, Beloochistan, Aflfghanistan, and Kafleristan. 



The figures on jpl. 119 present some of the typical subdivisions to which 

 we have just had reference. Figs. 1 and 2 represent individuals of the 

 German nation ; fig. 3, an Arab ; fig. 4, a Finn ; fig. 5, a Chinese ; fig. 6, a 

 true Negro ; fig. 7, a North American Indian ; fig. 8, a South American 

 Indian ; fig. 9, a Malay. Fig. 10, the skull of a Caucasian ; fig. 11, that of 

 a Negro ; fig. 12, that of an ape. The chart in the centre of the plate is 

 intended to exhibit at a glance the present distribution of the five races of 

 Blumenbach, as explained in the margin. The translation of the German 

 phrases on the plate will be found in the table of contents at the beginning 

 of this volume. 



714 



