10 ANTHROPOLOGY. 



lymphs, tlie fluids of the eye, and the ear wax ; fatty suhstances^ either 

 separate in the cellular tissue and the cavities of bones, or united with other 

 matters, as in chyle, in the brain, in milk, bile, &c. ; osmazome, the substance 

 to which the peculiar smell and taste of roasted meat is due ; jelly ; hcema- 

 tine (coloring matter of the blood) ; pigmentum nigrum in the eye, the skin 

 of negroes, &c., &c. 



The elements of the body, as above enumerated, are combined into vari- 

 ous tissues, of which the following are those most generally distinguished : 

 dermoid ; cartilaginous ; fihro-cartilaginous ; ßhrous ; nervous ; osseous : cellu- 

 lar ; adipose; vascular; muscular; erectile; mucous; serous; glandular. 

 These various tissues, wliose combination constitutes the various organs 

 of the body, will be treated of more fully hereafter. The explanation of 

 the cellular tissue, however, may here find its most appropriate place. This 

 consists of a soft transparent substance, capable of being drawn out into 

 threads, and forming sheets or fascia, in many places rendered opake by a 

 closely compacted web of vascular tissue. It is found beneath the skin ; 

 between the different muscles, and even separating their finest fibres; in- 

 vesting, and in part constituting, various organs ; in fact there is scarcely 

 any part of the body in which it may not be detected. It is eminently 

 characterized by the presence of cellular cavities, which appear to commu- 

 nicate freely with one another, and thus permit the ready passage of fluids. 



5. Arrangement of Special Systematic Anatomy. 



The problem in Systematic Anatomy is to describe thp highly various 

 parts of the human body, in such order of succession as shall correspond 

 most nearly to their actual combinations, and most clearly exhibit their 

 various relations and functions. The arrangement which we have fixed on 

 as answering the necessary conditions supposes six general heads, as fol- 

 lows: 



1. The Bones {Osteology). This has reference to the structure of the 

 central firm basis of the body, the osseous system^ a framework inclosed by 

 soft parts, and furnishing cavities which embrace the more delicate organs, 

 as well as constituting a series of levers and fulcra, by means of which the 

 muscles are enabled to bring about extensive and rapid as well as delicate 

 motions. 



2. The Ligaments {Syndesmology). This includes those parts of the body 

 by means of which the individual bones are so connected together as to 

 permit of relative motions through the agency of the muscles. These two 

 departments are usually treated of under one head. 



3. The Muscles {Myology). This embraces the muscular system (with 

 its tendons, aponeuroses, and bürste mucoscc), which operates actively by 

 means of its contractibility, in producing motions in the passive skeleton 

 with its ligaments. 



4. The Vessels {Angeiology). These consist of the arborescent or reti- 

 culated tubes or channels distributed throughout the body, in which the 



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