18 ANTHROPOLOGY. 



• Palate bones, ossa palati {pi. 123, fig. 7, from without ; fi{j. 8, from within ; 

 and fig. 9, from behind). These bones, two in number, are placed posterior 

 to the maxillary, between them and the pterygoid processes of the sphenoid. 

 For this reason, they are but slightly conspicuous in the entire skull. The 

 palate plate of these bones forms the posterior continuation of the palate 

 process of the superior maxillary in the bony palate {pi. 121, fig. 6 "). 

 1 The nasal platte, or ascending portion, constitutes the posterior external 

 part of the nostril. The upper extremity is formed by two processes, one 

 anterior, the other posterior ; and separated by either a round notch or by a 

 foramen. The posterior of the two is known as the pterygoid apophysis. 



The orbitar portion is irregular in shape, and may be seen between the 

 ethmoid and maxillary bones, in tlie back part of the orbit. The spheno- 

 palatine foramen is the notch between the orbitar portion and the pterygoid 

 apophysis, completed into a foramen by the application of the sphenoid bone. 

 Through this passes the lateral nasal nerve, with the spheno-palatine artery 

 and vein. There are various grooves and canals in the palate bones, which, 

 continuously with corresponding grooves in other bones, transmit vessels 

 and nerves to the soft palate {pi. 123, fi^. 7 ', 9 '). 



The palate bones articulate each with its fellow, on the opposite side of 

 the median plane of the face ; also with the upper maxillary, the sphenoid, 

 the ethmoid, the inferior spongy, and the vomer. 



; The nasal bones, ossa nasi {pi. 121, fig. 1 ''; fig. 4'; fig. 5°; pi. 123, fig. 

 ■10, a). These bones, two in number, are situated between the nasal pro- 

 cesses of the superior maxillaries. They are oblong in shape, and are applied 

 to each other so as to constitute a strong arch, called the bridge of the nose. 

 They also articulate with the frontal bone above. 



The unguiform or lachrymal bones, ossa lachrymalia, ungues {pi. 121, fig. 

 1 ' ; pi. 123, fig. 11). This bone is placed at the internal side of the orbit, 

 and constitutes the nasal duct for the tears, by its application to a process of 

 the inferior turbinated bone. 



The inferior spongy bones, ossa conchoi inferiora {pi. 123, fig. 14). This 

 bone is situated at the inferior lateral part of the nose, just below the open- 

 ing into the maxillary sinus. The anterior extremity rests upon the ridge 

 across the root of the nasal process of the upper maxillary. The posterior 

 extremity rests similarly upon the ridge across the nasal plate of the palate 

 bone. 



The vomer or ploughshare, vomer {pi. 121, fig. 6 "; p)l. 123, fig. 13). This 

 single bone constitutes the lower portion of the bony septum of the nostrils. 

 The superior broader margin has a furrow for receiving the azygos process 

 of the sphenoid bone. The posterior margin is rounded and smooth. The 

 ■inferior margin articulates with the spine or ridge of the superior maxillary 

 and palate bones. 



The cheek or zygomatic bones, ossa malarum {pi. 121, fig. 1 '; pi. 123, 

 fi{j. 12). These, bones are situated at the external part of the orbit, and 

 constitute the middle external part of the face. Of the three surfaces, the 

 one which enters into the orbit is known as the internal orbitar process. 

 The front surface is convex and belongs to the bones of the face ; the third 

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