MYOLOGY. 47 



riorly over their tendons, but of a finer and denser tissue, nearly to the 

 circumference of the cornea, and beneath the conjunctiva. It is also pro- 

 longed as a thick sheath round the trochleator tendon as far as its pulley, 

 to which it is connected, and around the obliquus inferius to its origin. 

 This fascia seems to connect and retain all these muscles and tendons in 

 their proper relative situations both to each other and to the eyeball ; it 

 has, however, a still further and more interesting relation, for it is continued 

 beneath the four recti, forming for each a perfect sheath and a non-adherent 

 envelope for the posterior part of the c}- eball. 



PI. 129, y?^. 6'' *, aponeurotic tissue of the eyelids; \ continuation of the 

 same between the recti muscles, constituting a sheath to each ; *, investment 

 of the sclerotica ; ^, optic nerve. 



Fig. 5 represents the axillary fascial. 



The brachial aponeurosis invests the arm down to the elbow, over 

 which it is partially continued into the fascia of the arm ; it is weak and 

 imperfect over the deltoid muscle, but increases in strength and tension as 

 it descends. Its fibres are mostly in the circular direction, but many are 

 spiral and vertical ; above it is continuous with the fascia covering the 

 pectoral and deltoid muscles ; below the former it receives an addition from 

 the fascia of the axilla {fig. 5). About the middle of the arm it adheres to 

 the lateral ridges of the humerus by two septa named internal and external 

 intermixscular ligaments. The brachial aponeurosis serves to confine the 

 several muscles without restraining their actions, compressing them so as 

 to preserve the form and symmetry of the limb ; it also protects the vessels 

 and nerves. 



Fig. 18, brachial fascia : ', portion covering the deltoid muscle ; ^^ por- 

 tion on the arm ; ', portion on the forearm ; *, semilunar fascia of the 

 biceps brachialis ; ^, palmar fascia ; °, palmaris brevis muscle. 



Fig. 19', carpal' ligament ; ", dorsal fascia 



Fig. 7, cross section of the right arm at about the lower third of the 

 deltoid muscle, showing the intermuscular laminte of the brachial fascia. 



Fig. 8, cross section of the right forearm at about the middle, for the 

 same purpose. 



The superficial abdominal fascia consists of a tolerably compact surface 

 of cellular tissue and tendinous fibres, weak above but increasing in density 

 as it descends from the thorax over the abdominal muscles. From the 

 abdomen it extends on either side over Poupart's ligament to the thigh, 

 which it invests, and in the centre over the organs of generation. The 

 superficial fascia supports and connects the fleshy and tendinous fasciculi 

 of the abdominal muscles ; it also possesses some power of resistance and a 

 good deal of elasticity, which assists these muscles in the contraction of the 

 parietes of the abdomen. In the lower part of the abdominal muscles is 

 seen the abdominal ring {anmilus abdominalis) placed external and superior 

 to the pubes on each side. It transmits, in the male, the spermatic cord and 

 the cremaster muscle, with its vessels and nerves ; and in the female, the 

 round ligament of the uterus. Its external opening pierces through the 

 superficial abdominal fascia. 



ICONOORAPHIC ENCYCLOPAEDIA. — VOL. II. 48 763 



