48 ANTHROPOLOGY. 



PI. 129, fig. 11 ', rectus abdominalis ; ^, superficial abdominal fascia 

 reflexed ; ', external, and \ internal portion of the transverse fascia ; ', pos- 

 terior or inner abdominal ring. 



The crural ring {an7iulus cruralis) is the triangular opening through 

 which the femoral vessels emerge from the abdominal cavity. This is of a 

 triangular form ; the base externally is the femoral vein, the apex internally 

 is Gimbernaut's ligament ; it is bounded anteriorally by Poupart's ligament, 

 and by the superior fibres or corner of the falciform process of the fascia 

 lata, and posteriorly by the pubes. 



PL 129, fig. 12 ', suspensory ligament of the penis ; ", crural ring ; 

 \ Gimbernaut's ligament; \ lamina cribrosa; ", femoral vessels. 



Fig. 13 ', sheath of the femoral vessels ; ", falciform process of the fascia 

 lata. 



The iliac fascia arises from the inner border of the entire crest of the 

 ilium, and from Poupart's ligament external to the iliac artery. It is 

 attached to the psoas and the iliacus muscles. 



The superficial perinoeal fascia occurs beneath the integument, and ante- 

 rior to as well as on each side of the anus ; it covers the muscles in the 

 perineum. The middle perinaeal fascia, also called triangular ligament of 

 the urethra, or septum perintei, separates the anterior perinseum from the 

 pelvis. 



The pelvic fascia lines the cavity of the lesser or true pelvis, 



PI 129, fig. 14', fascia of the posterior face of the obliquus externus 

 abdominis ; '*, part connected with Poupart's ligament ; % iliac fascia ; 

 *, Cowper's ligament ; °, femoral vessels. 



Fig. 15 '' ", superficial perinasal fascia. 



Fig. 16 *, cut edge of the superficial perinaeal fascia ; ', deep-seated 

 perinaeal fascia ; ', opening for the passage of the vessels of the penis ; 

 ", section of the urethra. 



Fig. 17', crural ring; ", Gimbernaut's ligament; ", Cowper's ligament ; 

 *, iliac fascia helping to form the crural ring ; % rectum ; ° urinary bladder 

 laid back ; ', superficial perinieal fascia ; % opening for the perinaeal ves- 

 sels ; \ obturator foramen ; '", anterior ligament of the bladder. 



The fascia lata is united to the spine of the ilium, to the whole length 

 of Poupart's ligament, as also to the linea innominata and spine of the 

 pubes; it may be divided into three portions: the internal or pubic or 

 pectineal, the external or iliac, and the middle or cribriform. It extends 

 downwards over the thigh. The fascia of the leg is derived partly from 

 the fascia lata of the thigh ; it also receives additional fibres from the ten- 

 dons around the knee-joint. Near the ankle it increases in strength from 

 its connexion with the malleoli and three annular ligaments. From the 

 anterior annular ligament a thin fascia is continued over the back of the 

 foot; that covering the sole of the foot, or plantar fascia, is remarkably 

 strong. Anteriorly it divides into three parts Ijnng on difierent planes, and 

 serving to separate the plantar muscles into three orders, the internal, mid- 

 dle, and externa], 



PL 129, fig. 20, fascia of the leg : *, fascia covering the glutaeus maxi- 

 754 



