MYOLOGY. 59 



Semi-spinalis dorsi is similar to the last mentioned muscle in form, attach- 

 ment, and function. 



Muliifidus spince is close to the vertebrae, between the spinous and the 

 transverse processes. It consists of a series of small tendinous and fleshy 

 fasciculi ; the first arises from the spine of the dentatus, and is inserted into 

 the transverse process of the third ; the last arises from the spine of the last 

 lumber vertebra, and is inserted into the false transverse process of the 

 sacrum. It supports the spinal column, strengthens it, and inclines it to 

 one side. 



Interspinales are short muscles, consisting of longitudinal fibres, whose 

 attachment is indicated by the name ; they support and extend the spine. 



Intertransversales consist of longitudinal fibres, attached and situated as 

 implied by the name. Use : to support the spine on either side, and to 

 bend it laterally. 



Rectus capitis posticus major is a triangular muscle, arising from the spi- 

 nous process of the second vertebra ; it is inserted into the inferior transverse 

 ridge of the occipital bone. Use : to extend the head or draw it backwards, 

 also to rotate it and the atlas on the second cervical vertebra. 



Rectvs capitis posticus minor ^ also triangular, arises from the posterior part 

 of the atlas, and is inserted into the occipital bone, behind the foramen 

 magnum. Use : to assist the preceding muscle in drawing back the head 

 and steadying it on the spine. 



Ohliquus capitis inferior is the strongest of these small muscles ; it arises 

 inferiorly and externally to the posterior rectus, from the spinous process of 

 the second vertebra, and is inserted into the extremity of the transverse of 

 the atlas. Use : to rotate the head and atlas on the second vertebra. 



Ohliquus capitis superior arises from the upper part of the transverse pro- 

 cess of the atlas, and is inserted into the occipital bone, between its transverse 

 ridges, and just behind the mastoid processes. Use : to bend the head to 

 one side, and to draw it a little forwards. 



PI. 124:, fig. 16*, trapezius; ", latissimus dorsi. 



PI. 125, fig. 20", splenius; \ levator scapulae; *, rhomboideus ; \ serra- 

 tus posticus superior ; °, serratus posticus inferior ; ", quadratus lumbo- 

 rum. 



PI. 126, fig. 21', rectus capitis posticus minor; *, rectus capitis posticus 

 major; ^, obliquus capitis superior; \ obliquus capitis inferior; ", biventer 

 cervicis and complexis ; \ semispinalis colli ; ', scalenus posticus ; *, tra- 

 chelo-mastoid ; *, transversalis colli ; ", cervicalis descendens or ascendens ; 

 '^, multifidus Spinae ; ", semispinalis dorsi ; ''", spinalis dorsi ; "' ", levatores 

 costarum ; ", intertransversalis ; ", posterior attachment of the transversalis 

 abdominis ; ", 20 ", pi 127, fig. 11 ", quadratus lumborum. 



PL 128, fig. 1 ', serratus posticus superior ; "^^ serratus posticus inferior ; 

 ', dorsal aponeurosis; ', splenius capitis; '•", sacro-spinalis ; ', cervicalis 

 ascendens ; \ trachelo-mastoid ; ', semi-spinalis dorsi et colli ; ", complexus; 

 ", spinalis dorsi et colli. 



Fig. 2', splenius capitis; ^, splenius coUi; ''', complexus; *, trachelo 

 mastoid. 



165 



