Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY. 



We thus have two pairs of arteries to consider for the head and superior 

 extremities, two of them, the left common carotid and the left subclavian, 

 arising immediately from the arch of the aorta ; while the right subclavian 

 and carotid are constituted by the bifurcation of the arteria innonoinata, 

 about an inch from the aortic arch. 



B. The Gartoid Arteries. 



. The right arises from the innominata, the left from the arch of the aorta ; 

 they ascend obliquely outwards as far as the os hyoides, where they divide 

 into an external and an internal. 



1. The External Carotid Artery ascends obliquely backwards to the 

 fore part of the meatus auditorius covered by the skin, platysma, and fascia, 

 as also by the digastric and stylo-hyoid muscles, the parotid gland, and 

 portia dura nerve. It gives off ten arteries in three sets : anteriorly, the 

 superior thyroid, lingual, and labial ; posteriorly, the muscular, auricular, and 

 occipital; superiorly, the pharyngeal, transverse, facial, temporal, and internal 

 maxillary. 



The superior thyroid arises opposite to the cornu of the thyroid cartilage, 

 and descending obliquely forwards beneath the sterno thyroid and omo- 

 hyoid muscles, sends off the following branches: 1, the superficial, distributed 

 to the integument and to the superficial muscles ; 2, the laryngeal, to the 

 muscles and mucous membranes of the larynx ; 3, hyoidean, to the lower 

 border of the os hyoides and adjacent muscles ; 4, superior thyroid, to the 

 thyroid gland. 



The lingual artery arises immediately above the preceding; it ascends 

 tortuously forwards and inwards, above the os hyoides to the base of the 

 tongue, between the hyo and genio-hyoglossi muscles, and running horizon- 

 tally forwards towards the tip of the tongue, gives off the following branches: 



1, hyoidean; 2, dorsali^ linguae, which ascends to the dorsum of the tongue 

 and is lost on the mucous membrane near its base, also on the velum and 

 fauces ; 3, sublingual, to the sublingual gland, mylo-hyoid muscle, and 

 mucous membrane of the mouth ; -i, ranine, the trunk continued along the 

 lingualis muscle to the tip of the tongue. 



The labial or external maxillary artery arises opposite the os hyoides, 

 ascends behind the digastricus, and between the submaxillary gland and 

 the base of the jaw, and turning around the latter rises towards the sides 

 of the nose. In the neck it gives off: 1, the inferior palatine to the velum ; 



2, glandidar, to the submaxillary and adjoining lymphatic glands ; 3, sub- 

 mental, to the chin and surrounding muscles. On the face it gives off: 



4, inferior labial, to the muscles and integuments between the lip and chin ; 



5, inferior and superior coronary, which run along the borders of the lips ; 



6, lateralis nasi, to the side of the nose; 7, angularis, which communicates 

 with the ophthalmic. 



The muscular artery descends obliquely backwards and divides into several 

 branches, which are principally distributed to the sterno-mastoid and to the 

 ßurrounding cellular tissue and glands. 



The occipital artery arises opposite the labial, ascends obliquely back- 

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