f4 ANTHROPOLOGY. 



inner ; ", superior thyroid ; ''\ lingual ; ", external maxillary ; ", inferior or 

 ascending palatine ; '^, submental ; '*, inferior, and ", superior coronary 

 arteries of the lips ; '*, nasal branch of the angularis ; ", occipital ; '°, poste- 

 rior auricular ; "', ascending pharyngeal ; ", division of the external carotid 

 into two terminal branches ; ", transverse facial ; ", middle temporal ; 

 "^ anterior auricular. Fig. 2, the lingual artery ; part of the lower jaw 

 removed : ', os hyoides ; ■', hyo-glossus muscle cut away ; ^, stylo-glossus 

 muscle; \ genio-glossus muscle; \ external carotid; \ lingual artery; 

 ', dorsalis linguae; ', sublingual; % ranine. Fig. 3, internal maxillary artery 

 in part ; the side of the top of the cranium is supposed to be removed, the 

 ascending ramus of the lower jaw to be sawed off, and the body of the 

 bone deprived of its outer table : ', external carotid ; *, occipital artery ; 

 *, posterior auricular ; \ superficial temporal ; *, middle temporal ; ", root 

 of the internal maxillary ; "', middle artery of the dura mater ; *",'", anterior 

 artery of the dura mater ; "'", *"', posterior artery of the dura mater ; ', in- 

 ferior dental ; ^', its course on the jaw ; *, branches for the pterygoid 

 muscles; *, for the masseter ; '", for the buccinator; ", coronary artery of 

 the upper lip ; '", superior dental ; ", infra-orbital at its entrance into, and 

 "', at its exit from the infra-orbital canal ; "* '\ deep temporal arteries ; '\ 

 entrance of the main trunk into the infra-orbitar fissure. Fig. 4, internal 

 maxillary within the fissure : \ main trunk ; '', infra-orbitar artery ; ', supe- 

 rior palatine ; \ vidian. 



2. The Internal Carotid Artery ascends along the vertebral column 

 and the side of the pharynx from the common carotid, posterior and ex- 

 ternal to the external carotid, behind the digastric and styloid muscles, 

 internal to the jugular vein, and anterior to the vagus and sympathetic 

 nerves, to the foramen caroticum in the petrous bone. It then bends tor- 

 tuously forwards, upwards, and inwards through the carotid canal, enters 

 the cavernous sinus, and passing the anterior clinoid process it divides 

 opposite to the internal extremity of the fissure of Sylvius into its three ter- 

 minating branches, viz. posterior commwiicans, aiiterior cerebri^ and media 

 cerebri. In the neck and in the carotid canal it sends off small and unim- 

 portant branches ; one named tympanic, is distributed to the tympanum 

 through a small hole in the carotid canal. The first branch of any import- 

 ance is : 



The Ophthalmic Artery. This arises close to the anterior clinoid process, 

 and passes through the optic foramen below and external to the optic nerve : 

 in the orbit, it passes round the nerve to the inner side of the cavity and ter- 

 minates in the inner cauthus. While on the outer side of the optic nerve 

 it sends off: 1, centralis retina'., distributed to the interior of the eye; 2, the 

 lachrymal, which passes along the external rectus muscle and supplies the 

 lachrymal gland and the palpebrse. While above the optic nerve it gives 

 off": 3, the sujrra-orhital, which passes forwards along the levator palpebra?, 

 and through the superciliary notch, supplying the muscles and integuments 

 of the eyebrow and the scalp ; 4, the posterior ciliary^ ten or twelve in 

 number and very small, becoming distributed to the choroid coat of the 

 eye ; 5, the long ciliary one on each side, passing horizontally forwards as 

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