100 ANTHROPOLOGY. 



the sterno-clavicular articulation, unites with the internal j ugular, as already 

 described, to form the vena innominata. 



PL 133, figs. 2 a, h, superficial veins of the arm on the inside ; fig. 2 a 

 \ axillary vein ; "• % cephalic vein ; ', median vein passing into the cephalic; 

 \ basilic vein ; ', its dorsal branch ; ', anterior branch ; % median vein passing 

 into the basilic ; \ common trunk of the median vein. Fig. 3, plexus on the 

 back of the hand and forearm : ', cephalic vein ; ", its origin at the thumb ; 

 ', basilic vein ; ', its origin at the little finger. Fig. 4, veins at the bend of 

 the elbow, used in blood-letting : ', opening in the brachial aponeurosis, 

 showing the course of the brachial artery and vein, with the relative position 

 of the median nerve ; ', cephalic vein ; ', a branch ; ', median vein passing 

 into the cephalic ; ', basilic vein ; ', dorsal branch ; ', anterior branch ; 

 *• ", stem of the median vein. 



PL 136, fig. 1 '•\ stem of the intercostal veins of the left side ; '*' ", union 

 of such veins ; ", hemiazygos vein ; ", inferior cava. Fig. 2, azygos and 

 hemiazygos (lesser azygos) veins : ', superior vena cava ; ', azygos vein ; 

 ', upper intercostal vein of the left side ; '■ ', venous trunks uniting to form 

 the hemiazygos ; ", branches uniting to form the azygos ; ', inferior cava ; 

 *' '• '°, intercostal veins uniting partly with the azygos, partly with the supe- 

 rior intercostals, and partly with the hemiazygos. Fig. 5, venous plexus 

 on the anterior wall of the vertebral canal : ', two longitudinal trunks ; 

 *, transverse connecting branches; ', branches passing through the inter- 

 vertebral foramina, and communicating with the external plexus. Fig. 6, 

 plexus on the posterior wall of the vertebral canal : ', the two longitudinal 

 trunks ; ', the transverse connecting branches ; ', intercostal veins uniting 

 with the inner plexus 



0. Veins of the Inferior Extremities. 



The veins of the lower extremities are superficial and deep. The general 

 course of these veins (commencing at the feet) is as follows : the superficial 

 veins of the foot feed the external and internal saphena veins, which empty, 

 the former into the poplitneal vein, the latter into the femoral, which is itself 

 only a continuation of the poplitaeal. The femoral, after it is joined by the 

 profunda and saphena veins, becomes the external iliac, which unites with 

 the internal iliac, to form the common iliac. Finally the common iliacs of 

 the two sides unite to form the inferior or ascending vena cava. 



The External Saphena Vein passes from the dorsum of the foot behind 

 the external malleolus, and joins the poplitceal. 



The Internal Saphena commences at the upper and inner part of the 

 foot, and ascends in front of the inner ankle, along the inner side of the leg, 

 and behind the internal condyle of the knee. Inclining to the internal and 

 anterior part of the thigh, it ascends to within about two inches of Poupart's 

 ligament, passing through the saphenic opening of the fascia lata to join the 

 femoral vein. It receives numerous branches throughout its course. 



The deep veins of the leg, accompanying the arteries, two with each, and 

 terminating in the following : 



Popliteal Vein. This lies posterior to the artery, and receives the 

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