NEUROLOGY. 121 



anotlier ; this is only explicable on the supposition that every special func- 

 tion of the brain is limited to a particular portion of it. 



The gifts and peculiarities found in all individuals of the same species 

 exist in different degrees in the different individuals; this can only be 

 explained by a difference in the activity of the different organs regulating 

 these peculiarities. 



In the same individuals the different original gifts are found in very dif- 

 ferent degree ; this could not be were not each original mental peculiarity 

 dependent on a special organ. 



The essentially different functions of the brain never present themselves 

 simultaneously either in man or in animals : some are constant, while others 

 acquire a maximum development, either with the age of the subject, or the 

 season of the year. This cannot be explained on the supposition that all 

 functions are dependent on a single organ. 



A too long continued exercise of the mind does not enfeeble or weary 

 all the mental powers equally: the fatigue is only partial, and rest can be 

 attained hy changing the subject of study, without the necessity of entire 

 cessation from labor. This would be impossible if the whole of the brain 

 were concerned in any species of mental application. Certain mental and 

 moral powers may be destroyed, blunted, or heightened by disease, wounds, 

 &c., while others remain entirel}^ unaffected by the same causes : this would 

 be incomprehensible on the supposition that the brain is a single uniform 

 organ adapted equally to all functions. 



Litle exception can be taken to the postulates of Gall as above pre- 

 sented : the case is different, however, in respect to the conclusions which 

 he attempts to draw from them. According to him all the organs of the 

 mind lie on the surface of the brain in the different convolutions, and 

 they are more or less depressed or elevated, are larger or smaller as their 

 functions are exercised with greater or less energy. These different deve- 

 lopments of the brain are supposed to be impressed on the surface of the 

 cranium, and externally visible. To this, however, positive facts of anatomy 

 and physiology are decidedly opposed. According to the present state of 

 our knowledge of the functions of the brain, it is not upon the surface that 

 we are to seek for the seat and impress of mental characteristics, but rather 

 on the walls of the ventricles whose varying features are not exhibited on 

 the surface of the brain, much less on the exterior of the cranium. The 

 most accurate anatomico-physiological investigations lead to the conclusion 

 that in men of high mental endowments the regions of the posterior and 

 inferior cornua of the lateral ventricles are especially developed, yet these 

 are so entirely concealed from view as to yield no definite conclusions in 

 the unopened cranium. 



On ^j/. 120, ßgs. 15, 16, 17, the organs as originally established by Gall 

 will be found indicated by the figures 1 to 27, as follows: 



1. Sexual love. 2. Love of children. 3. Capacity for communicating 

 instruction. 4. Knowledge of the relative positions of objects. 5. Know- 

 ledge of persons. 6. Sense of color. 7. Sense of melody and harmony. 

 8. Talent for calculating. 9. Facility in expressing thoughts in writing. 



827 



